UNIT 3 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Structural units of all living things
A. Cells
B. Enzymes
C. Chromosomes
A
A. Cells
2
Q
Smallest anatomical unit of life
A. Cells
B. Enzymes
C. Chromosomes
A
A. Cells
3
Q
____ was looking through a crude microscope at a cork which lead to the naming of cells
A. James Cattell
B. Leonhard Euler
C. Ernest Rutherford
D. Robert Hooke
A
D. Robert Hooke
4
Q
True or False: A tissue is the basic structural and functional unit of
living organisms
A
False; Cell
5
Q
True or False: According to Euler’s identity, the activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells.
A
False; According to the cell theory (Euler’s identity ay e^(i*pi) + 1 = 0, wala lang fun fact haha)
6
Q
According to _____,
the activities of cells are dictated by their structure. which determines function (physiology).
A. Euler’s identity
B. The principle of complementarity
C. The condensed matter of physics
D. Electromagnetics
A
B. The principle of complementarity
7
Q
The following are elements found in a cell except:
A. Carbon
B. Oxygen
C. Sulfur
D. Nitrogen
A
C. Sulfur
8
Q
Living cells are 60% ____
A. Blood
B. Oxygen
C. Water
D. Nitrogen
A
C. Water
9
Q
Determine the right order: The ___ is usually located near the center of the cell. It is surrounded by the ___, which in turn is enclosed by the ____, which forms the ___.
A. Semi fluid cytoplasm; Outer cell boundary; Nucleus; Plasma Membrane
B. Nucleus; Semi fluid Cytoplasm; Plasma Membrane; Outer cell boundary
C. Outer cell boundary; Plasma Membrane; Semi fluid Cytoplasm; Nucleus
A
B. Nucleus; Semi fluid Cytoplasm; Plasma Membrane; Outer cell boundary
10
Q
Control center of the cell
A. Nucleus
B. Deoxyribonucleic acid
C. Genes
A
A. Nucleus
11
Q
A blueprint that contains all the instructions
needed for building the whole body
A. Nucleus
B. Deoxyribonucleic acid
C. Genes
A
B. Deoxyribonucleic acid
12
Q
DNA has ____, which carry the instructions for building proteins
A. Nucleus
B. Deoxyribonucleic acid
C. Genes
A
C. Genes
13
Q
True or False: A cell that has lost or ejected its nucleus (for whatever reason) is destined to “self-destruct.”
A
True
14
Q
True or False: The shape of the nucleus conforms to the shape of the cell
A
True
15
Q
A double membrane that forms the nuclear boundary
A. Nuclear membrane
B. Nuclear pores
C. Nucleoplasm
A
A. Nuclear membrane
16
Q
The two layers of the nuclear envelope eventually fuse and generate openings called _____
A. Nuclear membrane
B. Nuclear pores
C. Nucleoplasm
A
B. Nuclear pores
17
Q
The nuclear membrane encloses a jellylike fluid
called ___
A. Nuclear membrane
B. Nuclear pores
C. Nucleoplasm
A
C. Nucleoplasm
18
Q
Where other nuclear elements are suspended
A. Nuclear membrane
B. Nuclear pores
C. Nucleoplasm
A
C. Nucleoplasm
19
Q
True or False: the nuclear envelope allows some but not all substances to pass through it, but substances pass through it much more freely than elsewhere because of its relatively large pores
A
True
20
Q
small, dark-staining, essentially round bodies in the nucleus
A. Nucleolus
B. Ribosomes
A
A. Nucleolus
21
Q
These cell structures are assembled in the nucleolus
A. Nucleolus
B. Ribosomes
C. Chromatin
D. Chromosomes
A
B. Ribosomes
22
Q
True or False: Most ribosomes eventually migrate into the plasma membrane, where they serve as the actual sites of protein synthesis.
A
False; cytoplasm
23
Q
Loose network of strings formed by the DNA
A. Histones
B. Ribosomes
C. Chromatin
D. Chromosomes
A
C. Chromatin
24
Q
Proteins that help the DNA form chromatin
A. Histones
B. Ribosomes
C. Chromatin
D. Chromosomes
A
A. Histones
25
When a cell is dividing to form two daughter cells, the chromatin threads coil and condense to form dense, rodlike bodies called
A. Histones
B. Ribosomes
C. Chromatin
D. Chromosomes
D. Chromosomes
26
a fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment.
A. Plasma membrane
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
A. Plasma membrane
27
The structure of the plasma membrane consists of two ____ layers arranged “tail to tail,”
A. Phospholipid
B. Cholesterol
C. Glycolipids
A. Phospholipid
28
Scattered among the plasma membrane alongside floating proteins
A. Phospholipid
B. Cholesterol
C. Glycolipids
B. Cholesterol
29
Formed by the sugar groups in phospholipids
A. Phospholipid
B. Cholesterol
C. Glycolipids
C. Glycolipids
30
The polar “heads” of the lollipop-shaped phospholipid molecules are
A. Hydrophilic
B. Hydrophobic
A. Hydrophilic
31
The nonpolar fatty acid “tails,” are ____
A. Hydrophilic
B. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophobic
32
impermeable junctions that encircle the cells and bind them together into leakproof sheets.
A. Tight junctions
B. Desmosomes
C. Gap junctions
A. Tight junctions
33
anchoring junctions scattered like rivets along the sides
of adjacent cells.
A. Tight junctions
B. Desmosomes
C. Gap junctions
B. Desmosomes
34
commonly found in the heart and between embryonic cells
A. Tight junctions
B. Desmosomes
C. Gap junctions
C. Gap junctions
35
the cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Inclusions
D. Organelles
A. Cytoplasm
36
site of most cellular activities; the “factory floor” of the cell.
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Inclusions
D. Organelles
A. Cytoplasm
37
Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements.
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Inclusions
D. Organelles
B. Cytosol
38
chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on the specific cell type
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Inclusions
D. Organelles
C. Inclusions
39
stored nutrients or cell products floating in the cytosol.
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Inclusions
D. Organelles
C. Inclusions
40
include the lipid droplets common in fat cells, and glycogen granules abundant in liver and muscle cells
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Inclusions
D. Organelles
C. Inclusions
41
specialized cellular compartments that are the metabolic machinery of the cell.
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Inclusions
D. Organelles
D. Organelles
42
consists of a double membrane, equal to two plasma membranes placed side by side
A. Mitochondria
B. Cristae
C. ATP
A. Mitochondria
43
In the mitochondria, the outer membrane is smooth and featureless, but the inner membrane has shelflike protrusions called ____
A. Mitochondria
B. Cristae
C. ATP
B. Cristae
44
provides the energy for all cellular work, and every living cell requires a constant supply of this for its many activities
A. Mitochondria
B. Cristae
C. ATP
C. ATP
45
tiny, bilobed, dark bodies made of proteins
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A. Ribosomes
46
Others float freely in the cytoplasm manufacture proteins that function inside the cell while others attach
to membranes
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A. Ribosomes
47
a system of fluid-filled tunnels (or canals) that coil and twist through the cytoplasm
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
48
**True or False**: The Endoplasmic Reticulum serves as a mini circulatory system for the cell because it provides a network of channels for carrying substances
True
49
studded with ribosomes
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
50
all of the building materials of cellular membranes are formed either in it or on it
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
51
proteins are then dispatched to other areas of the cell in small “sacs” of membrane called
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
52
abundant in cells that make and export proteins
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
53
plays no role in protein synthesis, because it lacks ribosomes.
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
54
functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
55
body cells that produce steroid-based hormone have multiple ____
A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Transport vesicles
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
56
Membrane made of a double layer
of lipids with proteins embedded
within.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Inclusions
A. Plasma Membrane
57
Most externally facing proteins and some lipids have attached sugar groups.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Inclusions
A. Plasma Membrane
58
Serves as an external cell barrier and acts in transport of substances into or out of the cell.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Inclusions
A. Plasma Membrane
59
Maintains an electrical condition that is essential for functioning of excitable cells.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Inclusions
A. Plasma Membrane
60
Externally facing proteins act as receptors transport proteins, and in cell-to-cell recognition.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Inclusions
A. Plasma Membrane
61
Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membranes.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Inclusions
B. Cytoplasm
62
Consists of fluid cytosol containing dissolved solutes, organelles, and inclusions
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Inclusions
B. Cytoplasm
63
Rodlike, double-membrane structures
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Inclusions
C. Mitochondria
64
inner membrane folded into projections called cristae.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Inclusions
C. Mitochondria
65
Site of aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Inclusions
C. Mitochondria
66
Dense particles consisting of two subunits, each composed of ribosomal RNA and protein.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Ribosomes
D. Ribosomes
67
Free or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Ribosomes
D. Ribosomes
68
The sites of protein synthesis.
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Organelles
D. Ribosomes
D. Ribosomes
69
Membranous system enclosing a cavity, the tunnel, and coiling through the cytoplasm.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
70
Externally studded with ribosomes.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
71
Sugar groups are attached to proteins within the tunnels.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
72
Proteins are bound in vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus and other sites.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
73
External face synthesizes phospholipids.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
74
Membranous system of tunnels and sacs; free of ribosomes.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
75
Site of lipid and steroid (cholesterol)
synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
76
A stack of flattened membranes and associated vesicles close to the ER.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
C. Golgi apparatus
77
Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell, inclusion in lysosomes, or incorporation into the plasma membrane.
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
C. Golgi apparatus
78
Membranous sacs of oxidase and catalase enzymes.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
A. Peroxisomes
79
The enzymes detoxify a number of toxic substances such as free radicals.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
A. Peroxisomes
80
Releases catalase
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
A. Peroxisomes
81
Membranous sacs containing acid hydrolases
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
B. Lysosomes
82
Sites of intracellular digestion. The “stomach” of the cell.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
B. Lysosomes
83
Cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
C. Microtubules
84
Support the cell and give it shape. Involved in intracellular and cellular movements.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
C. Microtubules
85
Form centrioles and cilia and flagella, if present.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
C. Microtubules
86
Fine filaments composed of the protein actin.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
D. Microfilaments
87
Involved in muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movement
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
D. Microfilaments
88
The most important enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
A. Amylase
B. Catalase
C. Red blood cell
B. Catalase
89
help form the cell cytoskeleton and microvilli, if present.
A. Peroxisomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microtubules
D. Microfilaments
D. Microfilaments
90
Protein fibers; composition varies.
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
A. Intermediate filaments
91
The stable cytoskeletal elements
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
A. Intermediate filaments
92
Resist mechanical forces acting on the cell.
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
A. Intermediate filaments
93
Largest organelle
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
C. Nucleus
94
Surrounded by the nuclear envelope; contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and chromatin.
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
C. Nucleus
95
Responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis.
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
C. Nucleus
96
Double-membrane structure pierced by large pores.
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
D. Nuclear envelope
97
Outer membrane continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
D. Nuclear envelope
98
Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus.
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Centrioles
C. Nucleus
D. Nuclear envelope
D. Nuclear envelope
99
Paired cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtubules.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatic
E. Microvilli
A. Centrioles
100
Organize a microtubule network during mitosis (cell division) to form the spindle and asters.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatic
E. Microvilli
A. Centrioles
101
Form the bases of cilia and flagella.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatic
E. Microvilli
A. Centrioles
102
includes stored nutrients such as lipid droplets and glycogen granules, protein crystals, pigment granules.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatic
E. Microvilli
B. Inclusions
103
Storage for nutrients, wastes, and cell products.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatic
E. Microvilli
B. Inclusions
104
Dense spherical (non-membrane-bounded) bodies, composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatin
E. Microvilli
C. Nucleolus
105
Site of ribosome subunit manufacture.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatin
E. Microvilli
C. Nucleolus
106
Granular, threadlike material composed of DNA and histone proteins. “Beads on a string.”
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatin
E. Microvilli
D. Chromatin
107
DNA constitutes the genes, which carry instructions for building proteins.
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatin
E. Microvilli
D. Chromatin
108
tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface
A. Centrioles
B. Inclusions
C. Nucleolus
D. Chromatin
E. Microvilli
E. Microvilli
109
