Unit 3

Question 1

Chloride

Answer 1

anion

Question 2

sodium

Answer 2

cation

Question 3

potassium

Answer 3

cation

Question 4

bicarbonate

Answer 4

anion

Question 5

magnesium

Answer 5

cation

Question 6

urea

Answer 6

nonelectrolyte

Question 7

calcium

Answer 7

cation

Question 8

creatinine

Answer 8

nonelectrolyte

Question 9

dextrose

Answer 9

nonelectrolyte

Question 10

phosphate

Answer 10

anion

Question 11

What is homeostasis?

Answer 11

Maintenance of constant conditions in the internal environment

Question 12

What 4 major organs are involved in homeostasis?

Answer 12

Heart, lungs, kidneys, and adrenal glands

Question 13

Is proportional to total number of particles in the fluid

Answer 13

osmotic pressure

Question 14

What percentage of body weight of a full-term newborn is made up of water?

Answer 14

70-80%

Question 15

What percentage of body weight for a 65-year-old woman is made up of water?

Answer 15

46

Question 16

Functions of water in the body include?

Answer 16

Providing for ionization of electrolytes, regulating body temperature, and acting as a solvent for a variety of substances

Question 17

Water balance is necessary for the maintenance of?

Answer 17

homeostasis

Question 18

Which body fluid compartment contains the smallest volume of fluid at any given time?

Answer 18

Transcellular

Question 19

Which body fluid compartment contains 40% of body weight?

Answer 19

intracellular

Question 20

The total number of cations is equal to the total number of anions

Answer 20

electrolytes

Question 21

Normal range for pH of blood?

Answer 21

7.35-7.45

Question 22

acid-base balance

Answer 22

the balance between the acids and the alkalies within the body

Question 23

Hyponatremia

Answer 23

sodium deficit

Question 24

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 24

base bicarbonate excess

Question 25

respiratory acidosis

Answer 25

carbonic acid deficit

Question 26

hypercalcemia

Answer 26

excess calcium

Question 27

hypokalemia

Answer 27

potassium deficit

Question 28

FVD

Answer 28

fluid volume deficit

Question 29

Excessive sodium and fluid intake is a recognized cause of

Answer 29

fluid volume excess

Question 30

what condition may GI suctioning and fistulas and K-depleting drugs cause?

Answer 30

hypokalemia

Question 31

What condition is characterized by dry, sticky mucous membranes?

Answer 31

Hypernatremia

Question 32

What condition is characterized by pulmonary edema, distended neck veins, peripheral edema, and a bounding, rapid pulse?

Answer 32

fluid volume excess

Question 33

Vague muscle weakness, GI hyperactivity, and parathesia of face, tongue, feet, and hands are signs and symptoms of:

Answer 33

hyperkalemia

Question 34

Postural hypotension, altered sensorium, and slow-filling hand veins are signs and symptoms of:

Answer 34

fluid volume deficit

Question 35

The nursing objective in fluid and electrolyte imbalances is to know the importance of:

Answer 35

evaluating patient's fluid and electrolyte status in order to recognize disturbance and initiate appropriate intervention.

Question 36

Loss of water and electrolytes as a consequence of abnormal loss of body fluids are identified factors causing:

Answer 36

fluid volume deficit

Question 37

Excessive amounts of sodium and an abnormal loss of water is the cause of:

Answer 37

hypernatremia

Question 38

pH

Answer 38

Indicator of hydrogen ion concentration of free-acid activity

Question 39

hypertonic fluid

Answer 39

Fluid that increases osmotic pressure drawing fluid from cells

Question 40

isotonic fluid

Answer 40

Fluid whose action is expansion of extracellular fluid compartment

Question 41

hypotonic fluid

Answer 41

Fluid that decreases osmotic pressure forcing fluid into cells

Question 42

tonicity of fluid

Answer 42

determined by relation to osmolarity of normal blood plasma

Question 43

What organization establishes the tests, standards, and specifications applicable to injections of intravenous fluids?

Answer 43

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

Question 44

How many calories are contained in 1 L of dextrose 5% in water?

Answer 44

170

Question 45

Extended or excessive infusion of dextrose in water parenteral fluids can result in:

Answer 45

water intoxication

Question 46

When excessively infused, which of the following parenteral fluids can cause dilutional hyponatremia in persons predisposed to water retention?

Answer 46

0.45% sodium chloride

Question 47

Which of the following is the most frequently administered balanced electrolyte fluid?

Answer 47

lactated ringer's

Question 48

What is the indication for use of amino acid administration?

Answer 48

Source of protein to maintain positive nitrogen balance in TPN therapy

Question 49

A true statement about nutritional lipid emulsions is that they

Answer 49

provide a concentrated source of calories and prevent essential fatty acid deficiency

Question 50

Which of the following assessment parameters is considered to be of the most crucial importance before initiating parenteral fluid therapy?

Answer 50

renal status

Question 51

Identified parameters in the assessment of patients receiving parenteral fluid therapy include:

Answer 51

comparison of I & O, vital signs, skin turgor, and laboratory values

Question 52

The two objectives of parenteral fluid administration are maintenance therapy and replacement therapy

Answer 52

true