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Geography gr.9 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary industries

A

Primary Industries harvest Raw Materials to use to
make goods

examples: Fish, mining, forestry, agriculture

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2
Q

Secondary Industries

A

Secondary Industries takes the raw materials and
turns them into consumer goods

examples: Cars, bikes, couches, chairs, desks, blackboards, buildings

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3
Q

Tertiary Industries

A

Tertiary Industries take the finished product and sell
it to you! These are service-based industries which
sell or provide you a service in exchange for money!

examples: Car dealers, Walmart, Superstores, Dry Cleaners, fast food shops, Banks

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4
Q

Basic industry v.s non basic industry

A

Basic Industry are jobs that bring money into the
community

⅓ ratio for a healthy economy

Basic Jobs: Primary & Secondary Industry
Non-Basic Jobs: Tertiary Industry

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5
Q

renewable vs non renewable resouces

A

A resource is a physical material people need and has value. Can be renewable or nonrenewable

Comes from either the land, water, or air

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6
Q

agriculture

A
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7
Q

monoculture

A

monoculture, in agriculture, is the practice of growing a single crop on a given acreage. While monoculture crops are sometimes rotated year to year, continuous monoculture, or mono-cropping, in which the same crop is grown year after year, has become one of the dominant paradigms in modern industrial agriculture

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7
Q

organic farming

A

a method of farming that excludes the use of synthetic substances, such as pesticides, synthetic medicines or fertilizers, and genetically modified organisms

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7
Q

Factory farming

A

a form of intensive agriculture designed to maximize profits using as few resources as possible

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8
Q

factory farming advantages

A

increased food production
lowers consumer costs
increases food availability

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8
Q

organic farming advantages

A

environmentally friendly
promotes sustainable development

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8
Q

What does GDD stand for and measure

A

Growing degree days
measures how warm the growing season is in a given location. The higher the GDD, the warmer the climate, and the wider the range of crops you can grow

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9
Q

2 major factors that influence farming

A

climate
land quality

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10
Q

intensive farming

A

involves relatively small areas of land
requires large amounts of labour
is located near large urban areas and produces products such as dairy products for the nearby population. Eg. vineyard

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11
Q

extensive farming

A

involves large areas of land
and requires relatively small amounts of labor.
produces products such as wheat and cooking oil for export. eg. average farm in Saskatchewan

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12
Q

watershed

A

an area or ridge of land that separates flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas

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13
Q

timber/lumber

A

harvested wood

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14
Q

old-growth forest

A

were cut in valleys that were part of the St Lawrence River and other watersheds

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15
Q

“second growth” forest

A

forests that have grown back

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16
Q

Carolinian forest

A

life zone in Eastern North America characterized by board life forests

17
Q

Softwood trees

A

wood from gymnosperm trees

18
Q

hardwood trees

A

wood from dicot trees

19
Q

strip mining

A

cheapest
can only be used for mineral deposits located very close to the surface
used to extract minerals
eg. sand, gravel, coal, deposits, and oil sands
most severe environmental impacts because very large areas must be disturbed

20
Q

Open-pit mining

A

more expensive than strip mining
used for minerals relatively close to the surface that can be accessed by strip mining
examples of opened mined minerals by open pit mining are some diamond deposits, oil and, and iron deposits

21
Q

underground mining

A

most expensive
used to extract potash and valuable orbs (eg. gold, nickles and copper)
may be more than 100m below Earths surface
In extreme cases, underground mines can be 3000m deep

22
Q

metallic mineral

A

a mineral that yields a metal when melted It comes from igneous and metamorphic rocks. eg. gold

23
Q

non-metallic mineral

A

a mineral that does not change its form when melted. most commonly comes form sedimentary rocks. eg. potash

24
Q

coal

A

coal formed from the remains of trees and plants that grew in Swampy areas and don’t decay over time burned to produce energy

advantages: reliability, affordability
disadvantages: Environmental pollution, Health hazards

25
Q

oil and natural gas

A

They were formed hundreds of millions of years ago when areas of present-day Canada were covered by
Shallow ocean remains of plants/animals that went
through heat/ pressure of converted into oil/ gas

advantages: energy density and versatility
disadvantages: environmental impact, finite resources

26
Q

hydroelectricity

A

hydroelectric generating stations can be built anywhere there are rivers with significant elevation changes. turns turbines that generate electricity

advantages: renewable, low greenhouse gas emissions
disadvantages: harsh environmental impact, land use and displacement

27
Q

nuclear energy

A

heat that comes from the break down of radioactive uranium atoms. It boils water which produces steam that turns the turbines

advantages: plants are built where energy is needed so transition costs are low, and low operating costs
disadvantages: high construction costs, radioactive fuel must be treated with lots of care

28
Q

thermoelectricity

A

thermal-electric generating stations use steam which turns the turbines near the population where causing the generator to turn. This steam is produced by burning fuel such as coal, oil, natural gas wood, and garbage

advantages: plants are built near the population where elect. is needed. (shorter transmission lines built, lower costs), less expensive, built where fuel is available
disadvantages: fuel costs increasing, non-renewable resources run out, responsible for acid precipitation

29
Q

aquaculture

A

breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants

30
Q

continental shelf

A

the area od seabed around a large landmass where the sea is relatively shallow compared to the open ocean

31
Q

banks

A

an elevation of the seafloor on the continental shelf where the water becomes shallow

32
Q

commercial fishing

A

the taking of fish and other seafood and resources from oceans, rivers, and lakes to market them

33
Q

inshore fishery

A

any fishing that takes place in waters roughly 30m deep or less and usually much less than a few miles from the shoreline

34
Q

Location of customers (manufacturing):
benefits of having factories close to consumers and JIT

A

shorter delivery, lower delivery costs, reliable delivery
JIT is just-in-time delivery. When parts/ stuff arrive just on time for usage instead of being stored n warehouses

35
Q

Proximity of raw materials (manufacturing):
When is it beneficial to have factories close to the raw materials

A

raw materials are heavier/ bulkier and cost more to ship. If closer transporting costs are lower. If the company processes perishable materials that are difficult to transport long distances without damaging or spoiling. Having near factories is better

36
Q

availability of freshwater and/or power (manufacturing):
what do factories use water for?
how is energy essential for manufacturing

A

factories use water for cooling and cleaning.
energy is used to make machines run

37
Q

Labour supply (manufacturing):
how does globalization affect labor supply?
what are knowledge-based industries

A

globalization: if the supply of labor of fixed demand changed leading to a rise in wages to more profitable industries

knowledge-based industries: auto parts, aerospace, pharmaceutical, machining, robotics, and laboratory technology

38
Q

Transportation (manufacturing):
what has revolutionized shipping around the globe and what does this mean for global trade?

A

shipping containers
makes shipping globally easier

39
Q

political factors (manufacturing):
ྀི How could the government encourage companies to open a factory in their desired location?
How does infrastructure relate to manufacturing

A

Governments could offer direct financial incentives. Infrastructure is where the physical building is

40
Q

Circumstance (manufacturing)
Who usually starts a manufacturing business and how do companies usually start?

A

immigrants usually start manufacturing businesses and they usually start small and grow very large

41
Q

trade network

A

form between locations that want to buy and sell goods and services

42
Q

why does Canada need to export

A

To pay for the things we import: we import both necessities and luxuries from other countries. To afford this we must be able to pay them by selling our goods and services to other countries

  1. To keep our economy healthy: Almost 50% of the goods and services that Canadians produce are exported. Fewer exports = higher unemployment = most of us would be poorer
  2. to lower the prices of goods and services entering Canada. Importing cheaper products allowed Canadians to buy commodities they would now afford to
43
Q

when the dollar value of exports is higher than imports you have…

A

surplus

44
Q

when you import more than you export in value, you have…

A

deficit

45
Q

A supply chain is…

A

the network of all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product

Geography gr.9 (3 decks)

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