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NATS 1530 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Start of the Space age

A

Oct 4th 1957

with the launch of sputnik 1

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2
Q

England and Australia

A

Rocket development was crucial for the UK

but no place in the UK

so they established a rocket testing facility in Woomera, South Australia (name Skylark)

Military and Science flights have been there since the 1950s

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3
Q

Canada

A

Black Brant

Result of Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment (CARDE)

4th country to operate a satellite

Operational for 10 years

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4
Q

1957

A

Sputnik 1: start of the space age

Sputnik 2: first living creature in space
* Laika the dog

Vanguard tv-3: complete failure

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5
Q

US response to Sputnik

A

a year later in 1958

successfully launched a satellite Explorer 1

using the Juno 1 rocket (Von Braun design)

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6
Q

Formation of NASA

A

President Eisenhower

singed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act (NASA)

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7
Q

Mercury 7

A

NASAs first astronaut selection

The famed “Right stuff”

All military test pilots

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8
Q

Luna 2

A

Soviet impactor probe

impacted the moon

1959

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9
Q

Luna 3

A

Took images of the Lunar farside

1959

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10
Q

Space Race

A

1961, the Soviet Union launched the first human into space
* Yuri Gagarin

Us responded with NASA flying Alan Shepard as a sub-orbital flight

More importantly, it empowered President John Kennedy to commit the US to a moon landing “by the end of the decade” in 1961

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11
Q

Mercury 13

A

NASA didn’t let women be astronauts until 1978

13 women passed the same test that Mercury 7 experienced
* Wakky Funk only member of the 13, flew into space in 2021

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12
Q

Venera 1 and Mariner 2

A

Both Flew by Venus in 1961 and 1962

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13
Q

First Woman in Space

A

Valentina Tereshkova (1963)

Soviet Union

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14
Q

First Walks in space

A

Alexi Leonov (soviet union)

Ed White (US)

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15
Q

Mariner 4

A

flyby of Mars 1965

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16
Q

First lunar landing

A

Luna 9 (soviet)

The first successful soft landing on the moon

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17
Q

Lunar Mission

A

Luna 1958 - 1975
* 15 of 44 successful missions (Flyby, Orbit, Landing)
* Soviet

Ranger 1961 - 1965
* 4 of 7 successful hard impact missions
* US

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18
Q

Spin-Offs

A

even though the space age was short its implications were very helpful

  • Weather satellites
  • Worldwide communication became easier
  • Encouraged lower-mass electronic components
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19
Q

Apollo 1 and Soyuz 1

A

The tragic incidents of both spacecraft led to significant changes and improvements in human spaceflight

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20
Q

Saturn V rocket

Study These Flashcards
A

development under the guidance of Wernher von Braun

Only launcher to date that has carried humans beyond Earth’s orbit

had a perfect flight record of 13 out of 13

21
Q

Humans on the moon

Study These Flashcards
A

Apollo 11 (1969)
* with Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins were the first to walk on the moon

6 successful mission to the surface of the moon
* 12 people walked, ran, and drove

We haven’t been back since 1972

22
Q

Apollo Leagacy

Study These Flashcards
A

Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17
* All made it to the moon and
* Brought back 400kg of rocks

only Apollo 13 didn’t make it to the moon

23
Q

Soviet on the moon

Study These Flashcards
A

Although the soviet space program did not ever land people on the moon

But they had impressive missions on the moon
* Luna 15 a sample return mission
* Luna 16 returned 101gm of lunar soil to Earth

the next most valuable mission arguably are the “Roving” missions

24
Q

Planetary exploration: Venus

Study These Flashcards
A

Following the flyby mission in the 1960s

First successful soft landing occurred with Venera 7 (soviet) in 1970

  • The probe only survived 53min (20min)
  • Venus has a carbon dioxide atmosphere
  • Surface temp of 475C
  • Atmospheric pressure 90 time Earth
25
Planetary exploration: Mars
In 1971 multiple missions to Mars * Mariner 9 orbited Mars * Mars 2 and 3 crashed into mars * Mars 3 landed and transmitted for 110s
26
After the space race
Everyone turned their attention to space stations and orbiting habitats And reusability and cost efficiencies
27
First space station
Salyt 1 * 1971 * 6 months * Controlled de-orbit
28
Skylab
Utilize leftover hardware from the Apollo program It was an orbiting Workshop Crashed (uncontrolled)
29
Space Shuttle Development
Space transportation system (STS) 1981 - 2011 with 5 shuttles flew 136 missions and carried 355 astronauts Referred to as a space truck it didn't fly higher than LEO Generated cost-effective access to LEO First atmospheric and landing flight for Enterprise 1977
30
Planetary Exploration: Jupiter
Pioneer 19 was the first mission venture beyound the Main asteroid belt and visit Jupiter 1972 First spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from the solar system
31
Planetary exploration: Mercury
Mercury is a difficult planet to reach despite being relatively close to Earth Mariner 10 launched in 1973 and was the first spacecraft to fly by multiple planets
32
Apollo - Soyuz
In 1975 first crewed international mission between the soviet union and the US The orbital docking of Apollo and Soyuz is considered the end of space race
33
Planetary exploration: mars
Viking program (NASA) 1976 with 2 landers 45 years since the biking program many missions from NASA, ESA, India, UAE, and China have deployed assets into orbit as well as onto the ground
34
European Space Agency (ESA)
An early version of ESA was formed in March 1964 ESA with its current 22 nation associates formed in 1975
35
Space shuttle era
1981 - 2011 started with the launch of space shuttle Columbia
36
Shuttle
launched with a rocket but flew like a glider after re-entry and touched down on a runway No parachute landings like Apollo or Soyuz the shuttle is reusable but costly solid rocket boosters are also reusable
37
First US woman in space
Sally Ride 1983
38
Shuttle Accomplishments
launched missions such as * Galileo (Jupiter) * Magellan (Venus) * Hubble space telescope * Repair mission to HST * Assembled the International Space station
39
Shuttle Disasters
Shuttle challenger STS 51L (1986) * 73 seconds into flight one SRBs slammed into the external fuel tank * All 7 astronauts died. Shuttle Columbia STS 107 (2003) * piece of ice foam slamming into it 8s second after launch * All 7 astronauts died
40
Challenges to Mars Exploration
Russia is to still land on Mars and transmit data for more than 110s Autonomous landing sequence (7min of terror) Sample return mission planned by the end of 2020s or early 2030
41
Benefits of space exploration
Industry worth billions to the economies * high paying jobs
42
Planetary exploration: Jovian Worlds
Pinonner 10 explored the solar system beyound the Main Asteroid Belt To date this region has only been explored by NASA
43
New horizon
2006 Jupiter gravity assist Pluto's Arrival 2015 Kuiper belt reconnaissance 2019
44
Kuiper belt object Arraktoh (Froamlly Ultima Thule)
images from new horizon 2019 Most distant solar system object imaged from a spacecraft
45
Other mission of note
Giotto * Spacecraft (ESA) intercepted and imaged comet hally March 1986 Ulysses * Spacecraft (NASA/ESA) flew over both poles of the sun between 1990 and 2009 Stardust * Spacecraft (NASA) was a sample return mission collecting dust from interplanetary space and Comet Wild 2 between 1999 and 2006 Genesis * (NASA) collected samples of the sun's solar wind Dawn * (NASA) used ion propulsion to orbit both asteroid Vesta and Dwarf Planet Ceres Hayabusa * (JAXA) was a sample return mission to asteroid Itokawa
46
Space telescopes
Hubble * Most famous At least 15 gamma-ray wavelength observations At least 35 x-ray wavelength observations have been launched James Web Space Telescope (JWST) * Most anticipated telescope to date * took over 20 years and 10 billion dollars to build * launched in 2021 and first images came out in 2022
47
India in space
ISRO in 1969
48
Japan in Space
JAXA 2003
49
private Industry
over the past 20 years, nonstate entities have become a part of the exploitation of space, particularly LEO ex. * SpaceX * Blue Origin, ...

NATS 1530 (13 decks)

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