Unit 3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Carrying Capacity
Maximum population an area can sustain
How to calculate Growth Rate of a population:
of offspring an individual can produce - the death of individuals & offspring over a given time period
A populations Biotic Potential:
every population has a particular maximum potential for growth given unlimited resources & ideal conditions
K species
-few offspring
-heavy care for offspring
-long lifespan
-Type I but also some type II
r species
-large batches of offspring
-very little care
-shorter life spans
-Type III but also a little Type II
Density dependent factors
-food availability
-space
-predation
-competition
Density Independent Factors
-natural disasters
-seasonal variations
Why is Earth’s carrying capacity for humans difficult to identify?
-because some believe we have the ability (through innovation) to alter Earth’s carrying capacity
Cultural carrying capacity
-limitations on human population after taking into account human secondary needs that relate to quality of life
How are demographic values (such as crude birth rates, crude death rates, and migration rates) normalized instead of being expressed as a percent?
It’s normalized by being multiplied out of 1000, rather then 100, making it NOT a percent
Population: 8448465
Births in a year: 204,000
Calculate crude birth rate
(204,000/8448465) x 1000
Does life expectancy differ between men and women?
-yes, men generally work more hazardous jobs & make dumb decisions, so they live shorter than women (on average)
Cut-off ages of infant and child mortality:
infant cutoff: 0-1
child mortality: 0-5
Total Fertility Rate
an estimate of the average number of children that each women in a population will have through her child bearing years
Three factors that affect the Total Fertility Rate
-age
-pursuit of career/education
-Birth control/family planning
Replacement Fertility Rate
-the fertility rate required to offer average deaths in a population in order to maintain it’s current size
-larger in underdeveloped countries (cause more people die)
Affluence
Wealth that leads to excess consumption
Describe the connection between affluence & the environment
More wealth means a larger ecological footprint in terms of a countries GDP
Where does the majority of a country’s population growth typically occur?
In stage 2 of the Theory of Demographic Transition when industrialization is happening
Rule of 70:
Doubling time: 70 / growth rate %
Demographic Transition
A theory that states that a country moves from higher to lower birth and death rates as development occurs in the form of moving from a preindustrial to an industrial economic system
K selected species typically have what kind of age structure and population growth rate?
-many older reproductively mature individuals
-slow growth rate
What do r and K selected species have in common?
-populations of both species can exhibit exponential growth
The exponential growth rate of the total human population over the past 100 years resulted from:
a sharp drop in death rates
