unit 3

Question 1

Global Environmental Concerns
CDWALU

Answer 1

1. Climate Change:
   2 .Deforestation
2. Water Pollution:
3. Air Pollution:
4. Loss of Biodiversity:
5. Urbanization and Unplanned Settlements:

Question 2

2. Planning of Settlements
   SERD

Answer 2

1. Sustainable Cities: Balancing needs (e.g., India’s Smart Cities Mission).
2. Eco-Friendly Settlements: Green energy and buildings (e.g., Auroville, Tamil Nadu).
3. Rural Development: Economic and environmental solutions (e.g., MGNREGS).
4. Disaster-Resilient: Withstands natural disasters (e.g., Odisha cyclone shelters).

Question 3

1. Environmental Surveys

Answer 3

Environmental surveys involve systematic data collection to assess the environmental impact of
projects or plans

Question 4

Methods of Data Collection:
FQRS

Answer 4

1. Field Surveys: Direct data collection (e.g., air quality monitoring).
2. Questionnaires: Stakeholder feedback (e.g., EIA public surveys).
3. Remote Sensing: Satellite analysis (e.g., GIS mapping deforestation).
4. Secondary Data: Analysis of reports (e.g., census for population trends).

Question 5

2. Interview Technique
   SUF

Answer 5

1. Structured Interviews: Fixed questions (e.g., villagers on mining impacts).
2. Unstructured Interviews: Open-ended insights (e.g., talks with activists).
3. Focus Groups: Diverse views (e.g., eco-tourism planning).

Question 6

3. Database for Environmental Concerns

Answer 6

1. Land Use Patterns: Identifying agricultural, forest, and industrial zones.
2. Water Resources: Mapping rivers, groundwater availability, and contamination sources.
3. Biodiversity Data: Documenting flora, fauna, and endangered species.
   ○ Example: National Biodiversity Authority of India maintains such records

Question 7

4.1. Land Suitability Analysis

Answer 7

● Evaluates the best use of land based on its characteristics (e.g., soil type, slope).

Question 8

4.2. Carrying Capacity Analysis

Answer 8

● Assesses the maximum population or activity level that an environment can support
without degradation

Question 9

4.3. Vulnerability Analysis

Answer 9

● Identifies areas and communities at risk from natural or human-induced hazards.

Question 10

4.4. Conservation Techniques

Answer 10

1. Afforestation: Boosts forest cover (e.g., Chhattisgarh restoration projects).
2. Water Conservation: Rainwater harvesting (e.g., Tamil Nadu mandate).
3. Waste Management: Recycling and reuse (e.g., Indore waste segregation).

Question 11

Examples of Environmental Planning in India

Answer 11

1. Navi Mumbai Airport: EIA conducted to protect mangroves.
2. Smart Cities Mission: Promotes sustainable urban planning.
3. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Water conservation initiative.