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Anatomy & Physiology I > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

Organic Compounds: Four Major Molecules (53 cards)

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1
Q

Carbohydrates contain

A

C,H,& O; usually 1:2:1 ratio

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2
Q

what serves as an energy source when bonds are broken

A

carbohydrates

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3
Q

molecular formula of glucose

A

C6H12O6

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4
Q

monosaccharides

A

(simple sugars) building blocks of carbohydrates

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5
Q

glucose

A

metabolic fuel

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6
Q

disaccharides

A

two simple sugars joined in water

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7
Q

disaccharides only can be absorbed and used for energy

A

false; its monosaccharides

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8
Q

polysaccharides

A

mono- and disaccharides linked together into long branched or unbranched chains

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9
Q

cellulose

A

made by plants cells & important for structure

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10
Q

starch

A

how plants store energy -> we can digest

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11
Q

glycogen

A

animals store energy

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12
Q

lipids

A

long carbon chains saturated with hydrogen create non polar covalent bonds

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13
Q

fatty acids

A

long carbon chains with hydrogen atoms attached; referred to as the hydrocarbon tail

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14
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

unhealthy; from animals (butter)

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15
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

healthy; from plants (oils)

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16
Q

is the hydrocarbon tail, hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophobic

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17
Q

glycerides

A

made up of fatty acid chains attached to glycerol (molecule w/ 3C’s)

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18
Q

triglycerides (fat)

A

serves as energy reserves, insulation and protection

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19
Q

how do fatty acids attach to glycerol

A

by dehydration synthesis

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20
Q

how are fatty acids separated from glycerol

A

hydrolysis

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21
Q

where are triglycerides stored

A

adipose tissue

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22
Q

phospholipid

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A

phosphate group (PO43-) likeness a diglyceride to a non-lipid group

23
Q

are non-lipid heads hydrophobic or hydrophilic

24
Q

amphipathic

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A

molecules that have hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions

25
steroids
made from cholesterol base
26
what do all animal cell membranes have to stabilize the membrane
cholesterol within the phospholipid bilayer
27
what organ takes al the cholesterol that is required for the body
the liver
28
proteins
most abundant organic component of the body; 20% of body weight
29
what are proteins made of
amino acids
30
what are amino acids made of
C, H, O, N (sometimes S)
31
support
collagen, elastin
32
movement
contractile proteins
33
transport
hemoglobin (transport O2), HDL+LDL (transports fats
34
keratin
protective protein that makes skin cells water resistant
35
what charge do proteins have
negative
36
primary structure
sequence of amino acids along the amino acid chain. DNA determines this sequence
37
secondary structure
resulting from H bonding along the amino acid chain; forming helix and pleated sheet shapes
38
tertiary structure
complex coiling that gives the protein its final shape.
39
quaternary structure
two or more protein molecules (tertiary structures) interacting with one another to form a protein complex
40
globular proteins
rounded and compact; soluble in water
41
fibrous proteins
arranged into sheets or strands; very tough; generally not soluble in water
42
what determines a proteins function
its shape
43
result of only 2 incorrect amino acids; O2 is released from hemoglobin, it causes the RBC to shrink and become sickle shaped
sickle cell anemia
44
what is crucial to maintaining the proper function of a protein
ionic composition, pH, and temperature
45
nucleic acids
huge organic molecules composed of C, H, O, N, & P
46
DNA
contains the code for amino acid sequence that determines protein structure
47
RNA
used to translate the DNA code into proteins
48
nucleotide
building block of nucleic acids
49
complementary base pairs
paired nitrogenous bases
50
genes
segments of DNA
51
high energy compounds
compounds are used to store energy within the body (by breaking down glucose)
52
what happens when the body break down glucose
the body can store the obtained energy to carry out vital functions
53
ATP
Adenine, sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

Anatomy & Physiology I (4 decks)

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