Unit 4&5 Flashcards
4: protein synthesis 5: glucose catabolism (24 cards)
gene activation
what do histones do
wound around a protein and keeps the DNA inactive
a histone must be uncoiled…
in order to code for a protein
promoter
when histone is removed from the beginning of the gene
transcription
RNA polymerase will copy the DNA code by synthesizing a new strand of mRNA
(DNA->mRNA)
translation
The DNA code is said to be a triplet code because every three nucleotides
codes for a particular amino acid
codon
sequence of every three nucleotides
what does the anticodon on tRNA code for
a specific amino acid
ex: CGG= Alanine
process
mRNA binds to a small ribosomal subunit
UAA
stop codon
how long does it take for proteins to be made
20 seconds
anaerobic energy production
does not require O2; occurs in cytosol
aerobic energy production
requires O2; occurs in cytosol
glycolysis
anaerobic; incomplete oxidization of glucose; net gain of 2 ATP
how is acetyl CoA formed
oxidization of 2 pyruvic acids in glycolysis
what will pyruvic acid convert into if O2 is not available
lactic acid
oxidized acetyl CoA converts into
CO2
what does NADH+H and FADH2 become in ETC
electron donors
anaerobic energy production example
red blood cells have no mitochondria; strenuous exercise (can’t supply o2 fast enough)
what happens to lactic acid when it enters the blood and travels to the liver
converts back to glucose
what is the richest source of energy
triglycerides (1TG=463ATP); sources: diet, stored adipocytes
lipolysis
catabolism of TG (taking out fat from triglycerides)
amount of ATP produced depends on…
protein size; source: diet, liver, muscle
protein catabolism
protein -(proteases)-> aa
