Unit 3

Question 1

Civil rights

Answer 1

Govt guarantees of political equality

Question 2

Civil liberties

Answer 2

Protect individuals from govt interference

Question 3

Establishment clause

Answer 3

Prevents the government from establishing a state religion; cannot favor or disregard any religion

Question 4

Free exercise clause

Answer 4

Prevents the govt from stopping religious practices as long as it does not oppose other people’s beliefs

Question 5

Wall of separation

Answer 5

Describes how there should be a separation between church and state; coined by Jefferson

Question 6

Engel v vitale

Answer 6

Establishment clause case that ruled mandatory prayer violated the first amendment (establishment clause)

Question 7

What has to happen for the government to infringe on free speech

Answer 7

A compelling govt interest

Question 8

Schenck v US

Answer 8

Created the clear and present danger test since he interfered with congress’s ability to assemble an army

Question 9

Smith Act

Answer 9

Outlaws advocating for the overthrow of the US government

Question 10

Time place and manner restrictions

Answer 10

Allows the government to limit free speech under certain criteria

Question 11

Time place and manner restrictions

Answer 11

Allows the government to limit free speech under certain criteria

Question 12

Comstock Act

Answer 12

Banned obscene material through the mail

Question 13

Libel

Answer 13

Knowingly Printing false information to cause damage

Question 14

Gun control act of 1968

Answer 14

Passed in response to JFK and MLK; makes it illegal to directly order a shotgun in the mail

Question 15

Brady Bill

Answer 15

Passed in response to Reagan assassination attempt;

Question 16

proceedural due process

Answer 16

the method by which the law is enforced

Question 17

McDonald v Chicago

Answer 17

incorporates the 2nd amendments to the states

Question 18

Mapp v Ohio

Answer 18

incorporated the 4th amendments to the state

Question 19

Weeks vs US

Answer 19

evidence obtained illegally cannot be used against someone

Question 20

New Jersey vs TLO

Answer 20

established that school admin only needs reasonable suspicion to search a student

Question 21

5th amendment

Answer 21

includes the right against self-incrimination (remain silent)

Question 22

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 22

established Miranda Rights

Question 23

6th Amendment

Answer 23

established the right to counsel

Question 24

Gideon v Wainwright

Answer 24

Established that people have a right to counsel in felony cases

Question 25

right to counsel

Answer 25

right to a fair trial

Question 26

substantive due process

Answer 26

if a law denies someone their rights, a court can declare that law unconstitutional

Question 27

Griswold v Connecticut

Answer 27

inherent right to privacy in the constitution

Question 28

Roe v Wade

Answer 28

extended the right to privacy to allow a woman to have an abortion

Question 29

Planned Parenthood v Casey

Answer 29

states cannot require father consent for abortion but can require parental consent for teens

Question 30

Hyde amendment

Answer 30

federal funds cannot be used for abortion

Question 31

Guantanamo Bay

Answer 31

naval base where Bush held terrorist suspects

Question 32

Civil Rights Cases of 1883

Answer 32

Disallowed discrimination by federal and state government, but allowed it from people

Question 33

NAACP

Answer 33

interest group that formed a group of lawyers that fight for Black americans' rights

Question 34

Brown v Board

Answer 34

declared that seperate but equal was not constitutional and violated the equal protection clause

Question 35

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 35

Banned discrimination in public places

Question 36

Heart of Atlanta Motel vs US

Answer 36

Upheld that businesses could not discriminate

Question 37

24th Amendment

Answer 37

eliminated the poll tax

Question 38

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 38

ended literacy tests and requires preclearence for a state to change its voting registration process

Question 39

strict scrutiny

Answer 39

highest standard of judicial review

Question 40

Shelby County v Holder

Answer 40

Court strikes down preclearence

Question 41

Equal Pay Act

Answer 41

employers must pay men and women the same for the same job

Question 42

Defense of Marriage Act

Answer 42

would define marriage as between a man and woman

Question 43

Affirmative Action

Answer 43

program created by Kennedy to help address racial inequality

Question 44

University of California v Bakke

Answer 44

rules that making hard quotas for minorities illegal

Question 45

what is the highest level of judicial review

Answer 45

strict scrutiny

Question 46

what is the level of judicial review for sex discrimination cases

Answer 46

intermediate scrutiny