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Biology > UNIT 3 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

population

A

number of organsims of one species in an area

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2
Q

producer

A

green plant that makes its own food using light energy by photosynthesis

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3
Q

consumer

A

eats other organsims to obtain energy

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4
Q

herbivore

A

only eats plant material

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5
Q

carnivore

A

only eats animal material

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6
Q

omnivore

A

eats both plant and animal material

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7
Q

predator

A

hunts another organsim for food

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8
Q

prey

A

organism that is hunted for food

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9
Q

what is a food chain

A

a diagram that shows the feeding relationship between organisms in an ecosystem

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10
Q

what do the arrows in a food chain represent

A

the energy flow

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11
Q

when does competition occur in an ecosystem

A

when 2 or more members of a community need the same resources which is in short supply

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12
Q

interspecific

A

competition between member of different species for one or a few resources

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13
Q

intraspecific

A

competition between members of the same species for all of their resources

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13
Q

what type of competition is the most intense and why

A

intraspecific
they need the same resources

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14
Q

what is a niche

A

the role it plays within its community

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15
Q

how do organisms lose energy

A

heat
movement
undigested materials

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16
Q

what happens as you go along the food chain

A

the number of organisms die so does the the total of energy

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17
Q

what does a pyramid do

A

shows the number of organisms at each stage of the food chain

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18
Q

what is biodiversity

A

the total variation that exists amongst all living things

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19
Q

species

A

group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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20
Q

ecosystem

A

an ecosystem contains all the organisms that live in an area living alongside the non living components

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21
Q

name some biotic factors

A

food avalibility
predators
disease
competion
grazing

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22
Q

name some abiotic factors

A

temperature
ph
moisture
light intensity

23
Q

how do u measure soil ph and prevent errors

A

measure with a ph metre and wipe the probe down before next use

24
how do u measure light intensity
measure with a light metre and dont cast a shadow
25
how do u measure the moistute
measure using a moisture meter and the wipe the probe before next use
26
how do u measure temprature
use a thermometer and leave for a bit
27
what do we use for sampling
quadrats and pitfall traps
28
what are some of the errors and how du u fix them ( pitfalls )
trap not level with soil - make sure is level leaving pitfall trap for too long - check trap regularly failure to camouflage - cover with a leaf
29
what is the error that can happen with quadrats and how to fix it
Numbers and types of organisms are not representative of the ecosystem - throw quadrat at random and also many times
30
what is the first stage of photo synthesis
light reactions
31
what happens in the first stage of photosynthesis
light energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts This light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP Water is split using energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen oxygen diffuses from the cell - this is a by product hydrogen and ATP are taken to the next stage , carbon fixation
32
what is the second stage of photosynthesis
carbon fixation
33
what happens during stage 2 of photosynthesis
uses hydrogen and ATP the energy from ATP is used to combine the hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce sugar
34
what is type of reaction is carbon fixation
enzyme controlled
35
what are the ways sugar can be used after being produced in carbon fixation
broken down during respiration to produce energy converted into starch and stored away as an energy store converted into cellulose which cell walls are made from
36
what is a limiting factor
a factor that limits how fast a reaction can go if it is in short supply
37
what are the 3 enviromental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and therefore plant growth?
light intensity carbon dioxide concentration temprature
38
an increased human population requires.....
an increased food yield
39
how can a farmer increase the food yield of crops
with fertilisers and pesticides
40
what are some of the issues with farmers using feritlisers
fertlisers can leach into freshwater adding extra unwanted nutrients fertilisers greatly increase the growth of algae in the water causing algae blooms algae blooms block light getting through killing aquatic plants and essentially aquatic animals this is food for bacteria which greatly increase in numbers the bacteria use up lots of oxygen killing aquatic life
41
what are some problems with farmers using pesticides
unintended effects on other populations the pesticides can be passed on to another organism passing them along the foodchain
42
what are some alternatives to pesticides to increase crop yield
biological controls GM crops indictor species
43
what is a biological control
introducing a natural predator to the growjng crop area to decrease the population of the pest
44
what are GM crops
genetically modified crops that grow quicker and last longer
45
what is and indicator species
species that by there presence or absence indicate environmental quality/levels of pollution
46
how is new variation created in genetic material
Errors in genetic material arise through a process called mutation
47
why variation needed with in a population
so they can adapt in response to changing enviromental conditions.
48
what is mutation
a random change to the genetic material of an organism
49
mutations are....
spontaneous
50
what can cause mutation to speed up
radiation some chemicals
51
what is natural selection
the process that drives evolution
52
what is the process of natural selection
a variation between members of a species starts natural selection occurs when there are selection pressures best adapted individuals survive
53
what is a species
a group of organisms that can reproduce to make a fertile offspring
54
what is the process of speciation
isolation- isolated by isolating barriers mutations - different mutations appear creating variation natural selection - selection pressures are different the most adapted survive speciation - the populations have evolved into different species

Biology (9 decks)

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