unit 3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What changes occurred in the church during the High Middle Ages?
New monastic life, selection of Pope by cardinals, correcting church abuses, changes to church structure, emergence of friars, developments in church architecture.
What were key features of the Gothic style in church architecture?
Characteristics include pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows.
What motivated the Catholic Church to engage in the Crusades?
Desire to reclaim the Holy Land, unite Christians, and increase the Church’s influence.
Who called for the First Crusade and where?
Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont.
What was the People’s Crusade?
A grassroots movement that reflected the ideal of a crusade but resulted in a poorly organized effort.
What were the achievements and failures of the First Crusade?
Achievements: capture of Jerusalem. Failures: lack of long-term strategy, internal conflicts.
What were the goals of the Second Crusade?
To recapture the County of Edessa and reinforce Christian control in the Holy Land.
What was the outcome of the Third Crusade?
Failed to capture Jerusalem but secured rights for Christian pilgrims.
What characterized the Fourth Crusade?
Diverted to Constantinople, leading to the sack of the city.
What was the Children’s Crusade?
A failed crusade in 1212 where children sought to peacefully reclaim the Holy Land.
List overall positives of the Crusades.
- Increased trade
- Cultural exchanges
- Strengthened the power of the Church.
List overall negatives of the Crusades.
- Violence against Jews
- Strain on resources
- Increased tensions between Christians and Muslims.
What was the Reconquista?
The campaign by Christian states to recapture territory from Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula.
What were the characteristics of guilds in medieval society?
- Merchant guilds
- Craft guilds
- Functions included training and regulating trades.
What were the levels in guilds?
- Apprentice
- Journeyman
- Master.
What improvements were made in farming during the High Middle Ages?
- Use of horses
- Development of harnesses
- Adoption of the three-field system.
What were the key characteristics of towns during the medieval period?
- Political independence
- Burghers as town leaders
- Growth of trade and population.
What was significant about the revival of learning in the High Middle Ages?
Knowledge from the Islamic world influenced universities and vernacular writing.
Who was William the Conqueror?
Duke of Normandy who invaded England and became its king after the Battle of Hastings.
What was the Magna Carta?
A document that limited the powers of the king and established certain legal rights.
What was the significance of the Model Parliament in England?
It introduced a system of checks and balances with the House of Commons and House of Lords.
What was the Black Plague and when did it occur?
A devastating pandemic from 1347 to 1351 that caused massive population loss.
What were the symptoms of the Black Plague?
Fever, chills, weakness, swollen lymph nodes, and skin lesions.
What was the Great Schism?
A split in the Catholic Church resulting in multiple popes and conflicts over authority.
