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unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

placemaking

A

a community-driven proccess in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn

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2
Q

traditional/folk culture

A

the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation

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3
Q

culture

A

the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and tech shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation

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4
Q

cultural trait

A

a shared object or cultural practice

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5
Q

artifacts

A

a visible object or tech that a culture creates

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6
Q

mentifacts

A

a central, enduring element of a culture that reflects its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs

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7
Q

popular culture

A

the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time

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8
Q

ethnic pattern in the US

A

historically: hispanics in the southwest, african americans in the southeast, and asian americans in the west
now: diverse everywhere

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9
Q

taboo

A

a religious or social practice that restricts a certain behavior, activity, or relationship with people, places. or things

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10
Q

ethnic neighborhood

A

a cultural landscape within a community of people outside of their area of origin

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11
Q

ethnicity

A

the state of belonging to a group of people who share cultural characteristics

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12
Q

centripetal force

A

unites a group of people

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13
Q

centrifugal force

A

divides a group of people

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14
Q

sequent occupance

A

the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

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15
Q

cultural landscape

A

a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

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16
Q

cultural relativism

A

the evaluation of a culture by its own standards

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17
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

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18
Q

placelessness

A

a phenonmena that happens when a place loses its distinctiveness or its uniqueness

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19
Q

gentrification

A

the renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class prefrences

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20
Q

sense of place

A

the subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location

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21
Q

gendered spaces

A

a space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles

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22
Q

multiculturalism

A

a situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating

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23
Q

assimilating

A

interaction of two cultures where one adapts almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

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24
Q

imperialism

A

colonialism but indirect and for money

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25
syncretism
combining cultural features into something new
26
creolization
the blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language
27
collectivist cultures
people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient and respectful to elderly family members
28
local diversity
a combination of unique cultural traditions and economic practices
29
lingua franca
common language used among speakers of different languages
30
cultural hearth
an area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse
31
cultural divergence
cultures become less similair due to barriers
32
4 drivers of cultural change
globalization, urbanization, migration, and tech advances
33
cultural convergence
cultures become more similair through interaction
34
cultural barriers to diffusion
cultural beliefs (norms and taboos) that prevent diffusion
35
political barriers to diffusion
laws or other political boundaries
36
physical barriers to diffusion
physical features
37
colonialism
exerting force over another area and having complete control over them
38
acculturation
people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture
39
appropriation
the act of adopting elements of another culture
40
5 major languages via population growth
mandarin, hindi, bengali, japanese, and western punjabi
41
5 most widely distributed languages
arabic, english, portugese, russian, and spanish
42
canadiam bilingualism
french and english are both official languages
43
cognates
words that look/sound similair and have similair definitions
44
creolized language
blending of languages
45
dialect
variation of a standard language with slight differences from the original
46
diffusion of english
is a mix of a bunch of other languages, started in UK, spread to North America and Australia, HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION
47
endangered language
small groups of people left who speak it
48
isolated language
unrelated to any other known language
49
isogloss
boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions
50
language
spoken or written means of communication between humans
51
language branch
a collection of languages within an family that share a common origin and separated from other branches several thousand years ago
52
language convergence
using other languages words instead of your own
53
language divergence
where theres a distinct difference between two plus languages
54
language family
a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth
55
language group
languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocab with a lot of overlap
56
literary tradition
written as well as spoken
57
official language
adopted by countries gov
58
pidgin language
2+ languages coexist in small geographical areas
59
standard language
adopted by gov to conduct business and public document
60
judaism
diffused by scattering of Jews around the world after the roman destruction of jerusalum in 70 AD. monotheistic religion developed among the ancient hebrews
61
theocracy
the gov is presumed to be devinely ordained by god
62
religious branch
a large and fundamental division within a religion
63
religious sect
little splinter group from large religion (methodists from Catholics)
64
religious denomination
unites a numbber of local congregations in a single legal administrative body
65
hinduism
main religion of India which includes worship of many gods and when you die you return in a different form, 3rd largest religion
66
islam
universalizing religion based on the teachings of Mohammad that originated in the hearth of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century
67
sikhism
the newest universalizing religion; founded by guru Nanak, who lived from 1469-1539, in the Punjab region of northwestern India
68
buddhism
the oldest universalizing religion, which atrose from northeastern India some time between the mid-sixth and mid-fourth centuries in BCE, and is based on the teachings of Buddha
69
christianity
a universalizing religion based on the teachings of Jesus that began near the west bank and Isreal around the beginning of the common area and has spread to all continents
70
agnosticism
belief that nothing can be known about whether god exists or not
71
animism
denotes that humand share the world with numerous spirits whose actions can help or hurt them
72
atheism
belieg that god doesnt exist
73
monotheism
one god
74
polytheism
many gods
75
religion
a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities
76
universalizing religion
tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership for everyone
77
ethnic religion
you have to be born into it
78
religious fundamentalism
refers to a strict, literal interpretation of a religous text or set or precepts
79
sacred site
a place that is considered holy to certain people
80
missionary
an individual who helps to diffuse a religion
81
hierarchical religion
central authority exercise a high degree and control
82
secular
the principale of seperating reigion from political, social, and educational institutions, promoting a society where religious beliefs do not influence public policy or governance
83
apartheid
the physical seperation of different roles into separate geographical areas
84
balkanization
process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
85
barrio
an urban area in a spanish-speaking country/city
86
blockbusting
the illegal process of trying to lower property values
87
diaspora
coming together, then being forced apart over and over
88
ethnic cleansing
the removal or extermination of a certain ethnic group
89
ethnic enclave
a neighborhood, district, or suburb which retains some cultural distinction from a larger, surrounding area
90
ethnic neighborhood
an area with a city containing members of the same ethnic background
91
ethnic religion
relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place
92
ethnicity
a group that shares a cultural background, cultural traditions, and ancestory
93
ethnocentrism
the belief that ones own culture or ethnic group is superior to others, often leading to the evaluation of other cultures based on the standards and values of ones own
94
genocide
delibrate extermination of a racial or cultural group
95
ghetto
an area of a city which people of an ethnic minority are confined, either by law or cultral/economic abstacles
96
nationalism
the policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of ones own nation, viewed as separate from the interests of other nations
97
nationality
identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a country
98
race
identity with a group of people who share a biological identity
99
racism
the belief that racial differences produce and inherit superiority of a particular race
100
redlining
illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specifications for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants
101
self-determination
concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
102
trans-atlantic triangle slave trade
during the eighteenth century, where European ships transported slaves from Africa, to the Carribbean, then to Europe, and back to Africa

APHUG (7 decks)

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