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unit 5 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

agricultural hearth

A

an area where different groups began to domesticate plants and animals

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2
Q

agriculture

A

the purposeful cultivation of plants or raising of animals to produce goods for survival

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3
Q

bid-rent theory

A

the closer you are to the CBD/market the more expensive the land, the further the cheaper

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4
Q

CAFOs

A

farmers on small plots of land raise livestock in limited spaces called feedlots so they can maximize the potential of their land

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5
Q

climate regions

A

an area that has similair climate patterns generally based on its latitude and its location on a coast or continental interior

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6
Q

clustered rural settlement plan

A

where residents live in close proximity to each other with farmland surrounding them

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7
Q

commercial ag

A

crops and animals for the market

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8
Q

crop rotation

A

varying what crop they cultivate to allow for soil restoration

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9
Q

dairy farming

A

livestock that produce dairy (mainly cows)

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10
Q

dispersed rural settlement plan

A

Houses are isolated from each other and distributed over a large area.

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11
Q

domestication

A

the deliberate raising of plants and animals using artificial selection

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12
Q

elevations impact on agriculture

A

certain crops will only grow at certain altitudes because of the climate found at them

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13
Q

extensive ag

A

few inputs for few outputs

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14
Q

first ag revolution

A

shift from hunter gathering to starting to farm

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15
Q

GMOs

A

a plant or animal that has had its genome edited for specific characteristics

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16
Q

grain farming

A

raising of cereal crops (wheat, corn)

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17
Q

green revolution

A

in 1950s and 1960s, scientists edited the genomes of plants for higher yields

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18
Q

intensive ag

A

lots of effort, lots of outputs

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19
Q

intensive commercial ag

A

lots of effort to sell to the market

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20
Q

intensive subsistence ag

A

lots of effort for just their close community

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21
Q

linear rural settlement

A

when houses are located on a line (main street, river)

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22
Q

long lots

A

long strips of land so that everyone had access to fertile soil and water

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23
Q

market gardening

A

fruits, veggies, and flowers for a specific market that is close by

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24
Q

mediterranean ag

A

drought-resistant crops and animals

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25
metes and bounds
land is divided by how relatively close it is to other landmarks
26
mixed crop and livestock
a type of farming where both crops and animals are raised for profit
27
monocropping
only cultivatin one crop
28
nomadic herding
based on moving domesticated animals seasonally or as needed to allow for the best grazing
29
pathways program
program in Africa to develop womens skills and change the attitude towards women roles
30
plantation ag
large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets that are typically far away
31
second ag revolution
starting to use mechanized, coal-powered tools, and diffused from GB outward in the early 1700s
32
shifting cultivation
moving land plots when the soil is depleted
33
slash and burn
after harvesting, burning the remains to return nutrients to the soil
34
subsistence ag
only cultivating for close community
35
third ag rev
further mechanization and new tech that occured in the 20th century
36
topography
physical geography of the Earth
37
township and range
land divided into squares (american)
38
transhumance
moving pastures into higher elevations during the summer and lower for the winter
39
agribusiness
any large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of ag products and equipment
40
cash crop
a crop produced mainly to be sold and exported to larger markets (vanilla, corn)
41
collective farming
where the farmers get a share of the net productivity instead of fixed wages
42
commodity chain
a network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle and distribute a commodity or product
43
corn
the gov pays farmers to grow it, so its very cheap and found in many food products, also often monocropped in mass quantities
44
farm subsidies
gov pays farmers to grow
45
dual-agriculture economy
an economy having 2 ag sectors that have diff levels of tech and diff patterns of demans
46
fair trade
a movement that tries to provide workers in LDCs with a fair price for their products
47
global supply chains
global commodity chains
48
herbicides
chemicals that are toxic to weeds and unwanted plants
49
infrastructure
many systems and facilities that a country needs to function properly
50
pesticides
chemicals that are used to kill any unwanted insects or animals that may damage the crop
51
tariffs
a tax to be paid on a particular import or export
52
vertigal intergration
when a company controls multiple stages of the production process
53
von Thunen model
5 rings, center is market/CBD, then dairy and market gardening, the forestry, then grains, then livestock
54
food desert
area where residents don't have access to nutritional food
55
food insecurity
disruption of food intake becaus eof poor access to food
56
food security
reliable access to nutritional food
57
Great Green Wall Initiative
restore forests to prevent land degregation and desertification
58
new green revolution
no GMOs, pesticides, herbicides, all organic food
59
organic farming
farmers using natural fertalizers for long-term soil health and prevent harmful water runoff
60
precision ag
using GIS, to see what areas need assistance and to maximize crop yields
61
salinization
water-soluble salts build up in the soil, which limits the ability to grow crops
62
terracing
the procees of carving parts of a hill or mountain into small, level growing plots
63
wetlands
area of land that is covered by water or saturated with water
64
women in ag
most women worldwide work on farms but don't own them so they have no benefits and aren't paid well
65
AGRA
an organization that has invested funds and supported projects to help African farmers improve their farm yields. They also advocate for policies at the national level that will benefit smallholder families
66
agricultural biodiversity
variety and variability of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for food
67
agricultural landscape
a landscape resulting from ag practices
68
agroecosystem
an ecosystem modified for ag use
69
aquaculture
a type of large-scale fish farming
70
biodiversity
the variety of organism living in a location
71
biotechnology
the science of altering organisms to create new products for specific purposes
72
community supported ag
consumers purchasing shares in the output of a local farm for a small portion of the crop yield
73
debt-for-nature swaps
agreement between a bank and an LDC in which the bank forgives debt in exchange for local investment in conservation
74
deforestation
loss of forest lands
75
desertification
land deteriates into a desert

APHUG (7 decks)

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