Unit 3

Question 1

_______ metal and nonmetal, high average and high delta
_______ metal and metal, high average, low delta
_________ nonmetals, low average, low delta

Answer 1

ionic
metallic
covalent

Question 2

_______ electrons are not equally shared between covalent and ionic

Answer 2

polar covalent

Question 3

______ formed when one atom takes an electron from another atom
causes ________________
they have cations and anions

Answer 3

ionic bonds, electronegative attraction

Question 4

_________ formed when neither atom has a strong attraction to the electrons this is because they both have a low ___________-

Answer 4

metallic, electronegativity

Question 5

_______ the differences are between 0-0.4, usually the same element

Answer 5

non polar covalent

Question 6

__________ the differences are between 0.5-1.7 and are different elements

Answer 6

polar covalent

Question 7

________ high difference of greater than 1.8

Answer 7

ionic

Question 8

Ionic naming
________ and then _______
ex: NaCl

Answer 8

metal, nonmetal

Question 9

_________ have a roman numeral from the positive charge of it

Answer 9

transition metals

Question 10

_________ symmetrical 3D structure of atoms, ions, and molecules. for IONIC

Answer 10

crystal lattice

Question 11

__________ simplest ratio of ions
_________ due to the strong bond between positive and negative ions

Answer 11

formula unit
brittleness

Question 12

properties of ionic compounds:

Answer 12

high melting and boiling point
not conductive as a solid
conductive in water due to free moving ions

Question 13

formula mass = _____ x _________

Answer 13

amount, atomic mass

Question 14

The central atom of a covalent bond is the least __________
NAMING:
first element - ____
second element - _______

Answer 14

electronegative
name
number prefix with ide

Question 15

VSEPR theory is based on the # of __________________
more lone pairs = __________

Answer 15

valence electrons bond pairs among the atoms
decrease in angle

Question 16

What are the properties of covalent bonds

Answer 16

low melting and boiling points
soft and flexible
poor conductors of electricity
low solubility in water
can be any state
bond length

Question 17

polar molecule is a _______
Can cancel out due to shape
___________ and becomes non polar

Answer 17

net dipole
linear tetrahedral

Question 18

_________ caused by the motion of electrons and is present in all molecules
________ permanent + and - ends. stronger than — but weaker than covalent and electrostatic bonds

__________ only with F, O, N strongest IMF.

Answer 18

LDF
Dipole
Hydrogen bonds

Question 19

__________ contains only 2 atoms bonded to one another, when it has a polar bond, the whole molecule is polar

Answer 19

diatomic molecule

Question 20

________ polar bonds that cause a net dipole moment. _______ does not always equal ——-

Answer 20

polar molecule, polar bonds

Question 21

_________ non polar bonds OR bond polarity gets cancelled out due to geometry, LINEAR, TETRAHEDRAL

Answer 21

non polar molecules

Question 22

___, ____, ____ are very electronegative so they cause a very strong dipole

Answer 22

F, O, N

Question 23

___________ causes higher mp, bp, and lower volatility.

Answer 23

stronger IMFs

Question 24

_________ - forces between atoms, molecules, and ions
_______ bonds inside molecules

Answer 24

intermolecular
intramolecular

Question 25

atoms in polyatomic ions are _________ bonded

Answer 25

covalently

Question 26

________ the mass % of each part of a substance = mass of part/mass of Total x 100

Answer 26

percent composition

Question 27

Molecular formula and empirical formula refer to _______________

Answer 27

covalent substances

Question 28

_______ smallest repeating unit of an IONIC compounds formula mass is the mass of a formula unit

Answer 28

formula unit

Question 29

__________ the actual number of atoms in a compound _________ the lowest ratio of subscripts in a compound *** can be the same if ratio is 1:1

Answer 29

molecular formula empirical formula

Question 30

to find empirical -> divide by the __________ ex: C4H8/4 = CH2

Answer 30

lowest number

Question 31

How to determine Empirical formula 1. find _________ 2. rewrite as _______ 3. convert _________ 4. divide all by __________ 5. write formula w answers from 4

Answer 31

%composition grams to moles by dividing by mass on periodic table the lowest mole

Question 32

if it ends in .5 -> ___, .33 -> _____, .25 -> _____, .2 -->> ____

Answer 32

x2, x3, x4, x5

Question 33

to find molecular from empirical divide ________ by ___________ and then multiply the subscripts by the answer

Answer 33

molar mass molar mass of the empirical formula

Question 34

_________ any hydrogen containing substance that is capable of donating a proton to another substance

Answer 34

acid

Question 35

________ - consists of hydrogen and ONE other element naming: ____ + ________ +________ acid

Answer 35

binary acid hydro, base of non metal , IC

Question 36

oxyacid with an anion ITE ending naming: _______ + _____ acid

Answer 36

base name of anion + ous

Question 37

oxyacid with an anion ATE ending naming: _______ + _______ acid

Answer 37

base name of anion + IC

Question 38

_______ are present in all molecules but are mainly dominant in NONPOLAR molecules or diatomic molecules ________ occur for polar molecules _______ occurs when H is bonded to

Answer 38

LDFs, dipole, hydrogen bond

Question 39

bonds between the same element are _______. How to tell the electronegativity without knowing the values?

Answer 39

non polar distance of the elements in the periodic table. Values to the right have higher electronegativity than the left.

Question 40

______ bonds are stronger than ________ bonds

Answer 40

ionic, covalent

Question 41

Evaluate how many IMFs are there if it asks about boiling point or melting point.

Answer 41

.

Question 42

Atoms bonded to central atom: 2 electron regions: 2

Answer 42

linear, 180

Question 43

atoms bonded to central atom: 2 electron regions: 3

Answer 43

bent, <120

Question 44

atoms bonded to central atom: 2 electron regions: 4

Answer 44

bent, <109.5

Question 45

atoms bonded to central atom: 3 electron regions: 3

Answer 45

trigonal planar, 120

Question 46

atoms bonded to central atom: 3 electron regions: 4

Answer 46

trigonal pyramidal, <109.5

Question 47

atoms bonded to central atom: 4 electron regions: 4

Answer 47

tetrahedral, 109.5

Question 48

______ atoms bonded through the sea of free electrons

Answer 48

metallic bond