Unit 3 # 2

Question 1

What is special about carbon?

Answer 1

carbon can make 4 covalent bonds

Question 2

What makes an organic compound?

Answer 2

The compound contains carbn

Question 3

What are the 3 types of carbon bonds?

Answer 3

straight chains
branched
rings

Question 4

What are the names of the number of times a pa pair is shared?

Answer 4

single bond
double bond
triple bond

Question 5

What are the macromolecular organic compounds?

Answer 5

carbohydrates, proteins, Lipids,nucleic acids

Question 6

What are lipids?

Answer 6

fats

Question 7

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 7

DNA and RNA

Question 8

What do all of the four organic compounds have in common?

Answer 8

a. they all contain carbon (all organic)
b. they are rather large molecules compared to most
c. they all form long chains called “polymers” by connecting simpler carts called “monomers” by CONDENSATION REACTIONS
d. they all break their long polymers down back into smaller, separate monomers (if needed) by HYDROLYSIS

Question 9

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

links all monomers to form polymers, an OH- and H+ are released to create a bond and H2O is a product **Put piccture in*********

Question 10

What reactions build polymers?

Answer 10

dehydration synthesis reactions

Question 11

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 11

reactions that take apart molecules and break and break polymers into monomers; reverse of condensation ****add picture****

Question 12

What has to be added to a hydrolysis bond to break bonds?

Answer 12

H2O

Question 13

What are the functional groups?

Answer 13

hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosophate

Question 14

What does Hydroxyl contain ( in means of bond)

Answer 14

• OH

Question 15

What does carboxyl contain (in means of bonds)?

Answer 15

COOH (O is bonded to the O)

Question 16

What does an amino contain? (bond wise)

Answer 16

-NH2

Question 17

What does a phosophate contain? bond wise

Answer 17

POOO

Question 18

**add identification cards**** functional groups

Answer 18

add identification cards

Question 19

What is an atp?

Answer 19

the only energy molecule that cells recognize in order to do their daily jobs

Question 20

What does atp stand for?

Answer 20

adenosine triphosophate

Question 21

What is the nickname for corbohydrates?

Answer 21

sugars

Question 22

What are thee elements in the fthe formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 23

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 23

function as energy and form some cell parts

Question 24

What are the 3 types of monosaccharides?

Answer 24

glucose, frutose, and galatose

Question 25

What is the formula for monosaccharides?

Answer 25

C6H12O6

Question 26

What do monosachrides make when combined?

Answer 26

disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 27

How many monosaccharides are in a disaccharide?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

How many monosaccharides are in a polysaccharide?

Answer 28

3 or more

Question 29

What are the elements in the formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 29

C, H, O

Question 30

What are some examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 30

grains, cereal, fruits, veggies, and breads

Question 30

What are the carbohydrates monomers? What are the formulas for the monomers?

Answer 30

monosaccharides; C6H12O6

Question 31

What are the polymers for carbohydrates?

Answer 31

disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 32

What are the types of monosaccharides?

Answer 32

Glucos, frutose, and galactos

Question 33

What is the formula for dissacharides?

Answer 33

C12H22O11

Question 34

What are some examples of polysaccharides? What are their functions?

Answer 34

Glycogen- in animals, glucose stored in stored in liver and muscles to give out energy Starch- excess glucose stored in plants cellulose- gives strenghth and rigidity to plant cell wall

Question 35

How are the polysaccharides broken down?

Answer 35

hydrolysis

Question 36

How are the polysaccharides built?

Answer 36

condensation

Question 37

What is the nickname for protein?

Answer 37

the meats

Question 38

What are the elements in the formula for protein?

Answer 38

C, H, O, N

Question 39

What are the functions for proteins?

Answer 39

energy and forms things like muscle and nails

Question 40

What are examples of proteins?

Answer 40

fish, turkey, chicken, beef, some beans, dairy

Question 41

What is the monomer for proteins?

Answer 41

amino acid

Question 42

What are the polymers for proteins?

Answer 42

dipeptides and polypeptids

Question 43

What are enzymes and what are their functions?

Answer 43

enzymes are a type of proteins that acta s a catalyst

Question 44

What kind of fit is a enzyme?

Answer 44

lock and key fit

Question 45

What is the lock, and what is the key?

Answer 45

the substrate is the key and the enzyme is the lock.

Question 46

How are amino acids held together?

Answer 46

Peptide bond.

Question 47

Are lipids polar or nonpolar?

Answer 47

nonpolar

Question 48

are proteins polar or nonpolar?

Answer 48

polar

Question 49

Are carbohydrates polar or nonpolar?

Answer 49

polar

Question 50

Are nucleic acids polar or nonpolar?

Answer 50

polar

Question 51

What are the nicknames for lipids?

Answer 51

fats, oils, and waxes

Question 52

What are the elements in the formula for lipids?

Answer 52

C, H, O

Question 53

What is the ratio for lipids?

Answer 53

more than 2 hydrogen: 1oxygen; large differences

Question 54

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 54

energy, forms structure in cells like cell membrane

Question 55

What are examples of lipids?

Answer 55

fat on steak, butter, olive oil

Question 56

What is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 56

triglyceride

Question 57

what is triglyceride made of?

Answer 57

a glycerol with up to three fatty acid chians

Question 58

What is the polymer for lipids?

Answer 58

there are no polymer forms

Question 59

What are the four types of lipids and what is anexample of each?

Answer 59

phosopholipid- cell membranes waxes- earwax; cuticle in plants steroids- cholesterol pigments- in plants

Question 60

What is the difference inbetween a non-saturated and a saturated lipid?

Answer 60

A non saturated has double bonds in the chains, liquid in room temp, the saturated all have four single bonds in tais and are solid at room temp.

Question 61

What are the nicknames for nucleic acids?

Answer 61

DNA and RNA

Question 62

What are the elements that make up the formula?

Answer 62

C, H, O, N, P, S

Question 63

What are the functions of the nucleic acids?

Answer 63

to store information

Question 64

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

Answer 64

nucleotide.

Question 65

What are the parts of nucleotide? What is the analogy?

Answer 65

phosophate group 5 carbon sugar nitrogenous base The form makes up a picture of a house as the sugars and carbons; a pool with the phosphat groups; and the nitrogenous bases make up the driveway

Question 66

What are the five types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 66

``` A- adenine C- cytosine T- thymine G- guanine U- uracil ```

Question 67

What is the polymer for nucleatides?

Answer 67

DNA and RNA