Unit 3 Flashcards by karissa clark

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a

Custom

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A repetitive act performed by an individual is a

Habit

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In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary

From time to time at a given pace

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In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of ____ groups.

Heterogeneous

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Folk cultures are spread primarily by

Relocation Diffusion

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Understand effect of globalization and modern communications on social customs…

Increase the similarity of social customs in different locations

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As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from

Familiar events in daily life

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Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to

Tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters

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Cultural diversity is promoted by

The relative isolation of a group from others

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The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by

Occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere

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Terroir refers to

The sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item

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A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a

Taboo

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The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as less subject to modification than

Less subject to modification than clothing and weapons

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The most important house style in the United States since the 1960s is known as

Neo - eclectic

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The trend of globalization has threatened ____ culture more than ____ culture.

Folk, Pop

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Some features of U.S. material culture such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels promote

A uniform landscape

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People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity with popular culture primarily because of a strong desire to

Preserve unique customs

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As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more likely to

Gain more opportunities outside the home

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Diffusion of popular culture can adversely impact environmental quality in what two ways:

Depletion of scarce resources

2. Pollutions

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A lingua franca is

A language understood by people who have different native languages

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A group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages is a

Language Branch

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The two largest language families in the world are

Sino-Tibetan & Indo-European

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The language family encompassing the languages of the People’s Republic of China is

Sino-Tibetan

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Identify the main Romance languages.

Spanish , Portuguese, French , Italian, and Romanian

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The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as

Vulgar Latin

The most widely spoken language in Brazil is

Portuguese

Russian is part of what language branch?

Balto-Slavic

According to Colin Renfrew's research, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe alongside the diffusion of

Agriculture

According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, England was invaded by tribes from

Germanic - speaking areas

A literary tradition is

The written form of a language

An isogloss is

A boundary between language regions

Compare/contrast British and American English.

Alphabet

A form of a language spoken in a local area is a

Dialect

A creolized language is

A mix of indigenous and colonial languages

A pidgin language

Has no native speakers

The Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of

Iceland's relative isolation from other places

The language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world is

Mandarin

Chinese is traditionally written in the form of

Ideograms

The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from

Thousands of years of isolation between cultural groups

________ is to Canada as ________ is to the United States.

French, Spanish

The English language is a "second" or "third" language in many regions where it is used as a(n)

Lingua Franca

Which statement best describes the use of English on the Internet?

English has become less dominant but is still the leading internet language

Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because

Religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others

Animists believe that

Inanimate objects and natural events have spirits

The belief in the existence of only one god is

Monotheism

When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the

Spatial connection in religion

The world's largest ethnic religion is

Hinduism

Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?

Having a Roman Catholic majority

The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in

Russia

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a

Sect.

The world's largest universalizing religion is

Christianity

Lutheranism is an example of a Christian

Denomination

The dominant branch of Islam is

Sunni

This map indicates that Baptists are clustered in the ________ United States.

Southern

Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?

Judaism

An ethnic religion appeals mostly to

One group of people in one place

Which religions (including major branches) trace their origin to Abraham?

Islam, Judaism, Christianity

What is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?

Islam

Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism

Remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world

Identify characteristics of universalizing religions.

Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands

Identify characteristics of ethnic religions.

The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region

Christianity first diffused from its hearth through ____ diffusion.

Relocation

Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of

Roman Catholics from Latin America

Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also linked to

Ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over control of land

Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, partly because its rituals derive from

Agricultural cycle in Israel

Protestants in Ireland are

Highly clustered in one part of the island

Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because

Sacred sites to Jews and Muslims literally built on top of one another

The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city where ____ were forced to live.

Jews

The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the

Dalai Lama

For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been

Dispersed around the world

It is reasonable to hypothesize that during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) when some Irish soldiers deserted from the U.S. Army to join the Mexican Army instead, most were at least partly motivated by feelings of loyalty toward fellow….

Roman Catholics

Given the Soviet Union's policies toward religion discussed in this chapter, a historian could hypothesize that in the United States, Cold War opposition to the Soviet Union was accompanied by a heightened emphasis on

Religion as a weapon against "Godless Communism"

Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years?

Islam

Apartheid → What/Where/When???

Strict racial segregation laws / South Africa / Before 90's

Ethnicity is important because it reinforces ____ in the face of the globalization of culture.

Diversity

The most populous ethnic group in the United States is

Latinos / Hispanics

The second most populous ethnic group in the United States is

African Americans

The largest numbers of Asian Americans are descended from immigrants from

China

Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?

West

The United States Census Bureau recognizes WHICH distinct races?

Hispanic / Latino

Understand role of "separate but equal" doctrine and “Jim Crow” Laws in US history.

American South

Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through

Religion and Food

A nationality is

A group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition

Identify an example of a nationality.

A group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation

Why is Denmark a good example of a nation-state?

Nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who speak Danish

Identify centripetal forces in the United States?

United States

When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably appeals to concepts of shared

Nationality

Most of the conflict in Africa is a result of colonial boundaries that

are in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups

Balkanization refers to

The breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities

The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by

Rivalries among the nationalities

The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the

Common economic interests

As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of

Darfur

The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called

Ethnic Cleansing

Unit 3 Flashcards

(93 cards)