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Higher Physics > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

What is a scalor quantity

A

Quantity with size only

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2
Q

Give some examples of scalor quantities

A

Distance, speed, time, mass, energy, power, temperature

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3
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

Quantities with magnitude and direction

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4
Q

Give some examples of vector quantities

A

Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight, momentum

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5
Q

How is magnitude and direction found from a vector diagram

A

Magnitude - Pythagoras

Direction - trigonometry (SOH-CAH-TOA)

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6
Q

How is velocity of a horizontal vector found

A

Vcos0

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7
Q

How is force of a vertical vector found

A

Fsin0

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8
Q

What angle is always used when finding rectangular components of vectors

A

Angle to the horizontal

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9
Q

When displacement is constant, what do the velocity and acceleration graphs look like?

A

Both are a straight line at 0 a long the x-axis

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10
Q

When velocity is constant what happens to the displacement on a motion-time graph

A

Increases

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11
Q

When there is a constant positive acceleration, what does the displacement - time graph look like

A

Smooth increasing curve ( _/ ) ➡️↗️

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12
Q

When there is a constant positive acceleration what happens to velocity

A

Velocity increases from zero upwards

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13
Q

When there is a constant negative acceleration what happens to the displacement

A

Smooth upwards curve ( ↗️➡️ )

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14
Q

How could displacement be found from a velocity-time graph

A

Area under graph

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15
Q

How could acceleration be found from a velocity-time graph

A

Gradient of line

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16
Q

How would velocity be found from a velocity time graph

A

Value from best fit line

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17
Q

How would displacement be found from a displacement-time graph

A

Value from best fit line

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18
Q

How would velocity be calculated from a displacement-time graph

A

Gradient of line

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19
Q

How would acceleration be found from a displacement-time graph

A

Calculate from velocity values, a = v-u/t

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20
Q

What indicates a change in direction on a velocity-time graph

A

Crossing the x-axis

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21
Q

Define acceleration

A

Change in velocity per second

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22
Q

From the equation a + v-u/t what does the u and v represent

A 
u = starting velocity 
v = final velocity
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23
Q

What experiment can be used to find the acceleration of an object

A

Measured using a trolley with a mask(s) and light gate (s)

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24
Q

What measurements would need to be made when measuring acceleration

A
  • length of mask
  • time through light gate(s)
  • time between light gates or time between masks
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25
What is Newton's first law of motion
An object will remain at rest or continue in at a constant speed unless acted on by an unbalanced force
26
What is Newton's second law
An unbalanced force will cause an object to accelerate
27
In what direction does friction act relative to the object
In the opposite direction
28
How can the unbalanced force be calculated
F = Fh - Ffric
29
What is tension
The pulling force acting on a cable
30
When a lift is stationary or moving at a constant speed are the forces balanced or unbalanced
Balanced
31
When are the forces unbalanced in a lift
When the lift is accelerating or decelerating
32
When is the value for 'a' in the equation T = mg + ma positive
Accelerating up or decelerating down
33
When is the value for 'a' negative
Accelerating down or decelerating up
34
In the rocket example of vertical thrust when are the forces balanced
When rocket is stationary
35
Why does a rocket acceleration increase
Mass decreases - fuel used up Weight decreases - acceleration due to gravity decreases Air less dense - air resistance decreases
36
How is Wpara calculated
Wpara = mgsin(angle)
37
How is Wperp calculated
Wperp = mgcos(angle)
38
How is the force calculated if the object is moving up a slope
F = Wpara - Ffric
39
When is the equation F = Wpara + Ffric used
When an object is moving up the slope
40
Define work done
Amount of energy transferred from one place to another
41
What is power
The amount of energy transferred per second
42
If no friction acts on a slope how does the energy at the top and bottom compare
Ep at top = Ek at bottom
43
If friction acts on a slope how does the energy at the top and bottom compare
Ep at top > Ek at bottom
44
Is friction acts on a slope how would the potential energy be found
Ep = Ek at bottom + friction (Ew)
45
What is momentum
The product of an objects mass and velocity
46
What is the conservation of linear momentum
The total momentum before an interaction us equal to the total momentum after an interaction, in the absence of net external forces
47
How is total momentum found
m1u1 = m2u2
48
How is momentum calculated in a nonstick collision
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
49
How is momentum calculated in a sticking collision
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2) v
50
How is momentum calculated in an explosion
(m1 + m2) u = m1v1 + m2v2
51
In what type of collision is energy conserved
Elastic collision
52
What does the term 'energy conserved' mean
Ek total before = Ek total after
53
In what type of reaction is energy not conserved
Inelastic collision
54
How is kinetic energy calculated
Ek = 0.5 m1u1^2 + 0.5 m2u2^2
55
What is impulse
The change in momentum
56
What is impulse measured in
Ns
57
What needs to be taken into account when calculating impulse
Direction of the velocities and force
58
On an impulse graph, how does a hard surface compare to a soft surface
Hard surface - high force, short time | Soft surface - small force, long time
59
How can impulse (Ft) be calculated from a graph
Ft = 1/2 bh | Area under graph
60
What is needed to measure contact time
A fast timer
61
What is a projectile
Objects moving under their own interia and so only affected by the force of gravity
62
What is interia
An objects resistance to change
63
What are the requirements for a projectile
- constant horizontal velocity | - constant vertical acceleration
64
For a full projection how is the horizontal velocity calculated
Uh = vcos(angle)
65
For a full projection how is the vertical velocity calculated
Uv = vsin(angle)
66
What is gravitational attraction between two objects directly proportional to
The mass of each object
67
What is gravitational attraction inversely proportional to
The square of the objects separation
68
What decreases as you move away from a planet's surface
Gravitational field strength of a planet
69
Why do occupants of a space shuttle appear weightless
Occupants are accelerating towards the earth at the same rate as the space shuttle making them appear weightless
70
What are the two postulates for special relativity
- laws of physics are the same for all observers | - speed of light the same for all observers
71
In the time dilation equation what does 't' represent
Time interval for moving observer
72
In the time dilation equation what does 't^1' represent
Time interval for a stationary observer
73
Is time interval for a stationary observer longer or shorter than that experienced by a moving observer
Time interval longer for stationary observer
74
What is length contraction
The muons are considered to be moving a different distance in the same amount of time
75
For length contraction, what observer experiences the shortest distance
Stationary observer
76
What does the Doppler effect show
Shows how the detected frequency from a source can change depending on the relative motion between the source and the observer
77
What happens to the frequency of the waves as the source approaches
Frequency increases, more waves detected per second
78
As the source moves away what happen to the frequency of the source
Frequency decreases, less waves detected per second
79
Using the Doppler effect equation, what sign is used when the source is moving towards an observer
Negative (-)
80
Using the Doppler effect equation, what sign is used when the source is moving away from an observer
Positive (+)
81
What is Doppler redshift
Occurs when the light the light from an object that is moving away from us is 'shifted' towards the longer wavelength end
82
What does a larger redshift tell us about a galaxy
Galaxy is moving away from us at a faster rate
83
What happens to the wavelengths of light if an object is moving towards us
Blueshifted
84
What did the galaxy form from
A large cloud of dust and gas called a nebula
85
What attracted the small particles together
Electromagnetism
86
What were the larger clumps attracted by
Force of gravity
87
What evidence is there for the expanding universe theory
- darkness of night sky - redshirt of most galaxies - abundance of light elements - cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR)
88
Are more distant galaxies moving away from us at a faster or slower rate than nearby galaxies
Faster
89
What is dark matter
From of matter that doesn't emit radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum
90
What does dark matter help to explain
Galaxies are revolving at a faster rate than predictions suggest
91
What is the calculated amount of dark matter not enough to stop
The expansion of the universe
92
What is dark energy
The unknown force that acts against the force of gravity
93
What does dark energy cause
Causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate
94
Is the rate of expansion of universe increasing or decreasing
Increasing
95
What are distant galaxies driven apart by
Dark energy
96
What is the colour of a star related to
It's temperature
97
What colour are hotter stars
Blue
98
What colour are cooler stars
Red
99
What are the properties of hotter stars relating to the radiation spectrum
- short wavelength - high frequency - high peak - large area of graph
100
What are the properties of cooler stars relating to the radiation spectrum
- long wavelength - low frequency - low peak - small area of graph
101
What is the peak wavelength of a star is inversely proportional to
It's surface temperature
102
What is the surface temperature of a star directly proportional to
Peak frequency of a star
103
As the star gets hotter what happens to the energy emitted per second
Higher energy emitted per second

Higher Physics (3 decks)

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