Unit 3

Question 1

problem of induction

Answer 1

Assuming the uniformity of nature.
natures laws dont change

the uniformity of nature is based on past sense data collection which is based on the past sense data collection and so on and so forth

Question 2

hasty generalization

Answer 2

using a too small sample size to justify. the sample size is disproportionally small

Question 3

whAT is David Hume a skeptic ABOUT

Answer 3

problem of induction
analogy
cause and effect

Question 4

accident

Answer 4

assuming wrongly that outliers should fall under the general rule

Question 5

equivocation

Answer 5

the conclusion depends on a word different meanings being treated

Question 6

false analogy

Answer 6

the two things being compared are to dissimilar to be compaired

Question 7

slippety slope

Answer 7

one thing causes another, which causes another and so on and so forth

Question 8

argument of anecdote

Answer 8

generalized based on family memebres

privileging smaller % based on the fact that you know them

Question 9

post hoc ergo proptor hoc

Answer 9

conslusion doesnt follow

Question 10

overlooking the posibility of coincidence

Answer 10

superstition

Question 11

cum hoc ergo proptr hoc

Answer 11

with this and because of this

Question 12

overlooking the possibility of reverse causation

Answer 12

yyeeet

Question 13

wheselers

Answer 13

qualifying or over qualifying on some way in order not to be wrong.
saying ‘up to’ as much as etc
it gets you out of a claim

Question 14

downplayers

Answer 14

making a clam appear less than what it is

Question 15

Hyperbole

Answer 15

over exageration

Question 16

leaded questions

Answer 16

questions that assume the answer in the question

Question 17

fallacious appeal to authority

Answer 17

using a person who is popular to gather someones appeal, not necessarily knowledgeable in a certain area

Question 18

Genetic falacy

Answer 18

you believe in x because you were born in x

Question 19

straw man falacy

Answer 19

the principle of charity

immediately characterizing an argument and interpreting in the worst way

Question 20

false dillema

Answer 20

establishing a false either or scenario

Question 21

line drawing falacy

Answer 21

a type of false dilemma establishing a line that is not there

Question 22

fallacious appeal to emotion

Answer 22

an appeal to emotion

ex. using sad photos to trigger donations

Question 23

argument ad homenim

Answer 23

argument against he person not the idea

Question 24

naturalistic fallacies

Answer 24

because something is natural it must be right

shrooms are natural man

Question 25

Cognitive bias

Answer 25

brain does naturally

Question 26

belief bias

Answer 26

when you notice that someone believes what you believe you assume they got there with your reasoning

Question 27

conformation bias

Answer 27

only let evidence that confirms your point enter your brain

Question 28

Why is Hume skeptic of cause and effect

Answer 28

Because we observe causes and effects. but we can never observe the link in between them

Question 29

5 kinds of inductive arguments

Answer 29

``` generalization statistical reasoning cumulative support argument by analogy Inference to best explanation ```

Question 30

generalization

Answer 30

An inductive generalization is an argument that uses. evidence about a limited number of things of a certain. type to make a claim about all or most things of that type. In the example above, a general conclusion about most.

Question 31

statistical reasoning

Answer 31

Statistical reasoning is the way people reason with statistical ideas and make sense of statistical information. Statistical reasoning may involve connecting one concept to another (e.g., center and spread) or may combine ideas about data and chance.

Question 32

cumulative support

Answer 32

An argument gaining in force by increase of evidence and of reasons as it advances, each new point having additional testimony for the conclusion.

Question 33

argument by analogy

Answer 33

Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, whereby perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed

Question 34

Inference to best explanation

Answer 34

Abductive reasoning (also called abduction, deductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference which starts with an observation then seeks to find the simplest and most likely explanation.

Question 35

effect of informal fallacy on an arghument

Answer 35

not necessarily false and not necessarily weak.