Unit 3

Question 1

What is Beringia?

Answer 1

A land bridge that once combined Asia and America

Question 2

Kennewick Man

Answer 2

-oldest skeleton we have from the new world (8-9,000 yrs ago)

• pronto-Caucasian
• found in Kennewick, Washington

Question 3

What is Clovis point?

Answer 3

• oldest stone tool from new world
• discovered in Clovis, New Mexico
• made from fine materials such as obsidian
• very sharp edges

Question 4

What are the 3 sisters?

Answer 4

Corn, beans, squash

Question 5

Easter Island

Answer 5

• large and rich society
• many housing foundations
• society broken into 11-12 territories

-hundreds of large stones (Maoi)

Question 6

What factors contributed to the Easter island collapse?

Answer 6

• forests gone
• limited food supply
• limited fuel supply
• erosion

Question 7

Maya vs. Mayan

Answer 7

Maya: culture/ppl

Mayan: language

Question 8

Maya religious belief system

Answer 8

Popul Vuh:

• ## the “maize” god

Question 9

Hash/Tzolk’in

Answer 9

Haab: solar calendar made up of 20 months

Tzolk’in: 260 day calendar that matches 9 cycles of the moon

-together, they make up the long count

Question 10

Sites important to Maya history

Answer 10

• Tikal
• El Mirador
• Palenque
• Copan
• Chichen Itza

Question 11

The Maya collapse

Answer 11

• ppl dying from war/disease

- ppl are moving away

Question 12

Tatiana Proskouriaff

Answer 12

-artist/reconstructionist from Syberia

Question 13

Tenochtitlan

Answer 13

• manmade Aztec City
• built on a swampy island in Lake Texcocco
• present day- Mexico City
• very large (200,000 ppl)

Question 14

What are chinampas?

Answer 14

“Floating gardens”

-narrow, artificial islands in lakes using mud, vegetation and dirt

• would grow the 3 sisters
• method is still used today

Question 15

Aztec language

Answer 15

Logographic/syllabic

-extensive written records: debt, stories, history

Question 16

Aztec Calendar

Answer 16

365 day count, 260 day ritual count (sets of 13)

Question 17

Aztec Religion

Answer 17

Polytheistic

• Quetzalcoatl (creator god)
• Huizilopochtli (sun god)
  
  • there wasn’t a guarantee that sun would run, only sacrifice would guarantee it

Question 18

Archaeology vs. history

Answer 18

History can paint a different picture than what is actually on the ground

Question 19

What is underwater archaeology?

Answer 19

The use of archaeology in aquatic settings

-used for research and bc it the site may be required to be excavated by the govt

Question 20

What was the Harris survey?

Answer 20

Telephone survey that looked at adults 18+ and how much ingests they had in archaeology

• showed high level of interest
• showed that general public care about preserving sites/artifacts

Question 21

3 phases of cultural resource management?

Answer 21

Identifying/survey, assessing, management

Question 22

Antiquities act of 1906

Answer 22

President has the authority to state whether or not something can be built/set aside artifacts, monuments, etc

Question 23

Historic sites act of 1935

Answer 23

The 1st US law to declare preservation to be a national policy

-encouraged widespread preservation efforts throughout the states

Question 24

NAGPRA

Answer 24

Addresses the rights of native Americans to cultural items such as human remains, sacred objects and other cultural objects

Question 25

When are forensic anthropologists used in archaeology?

Answer 25

-individuals who are missing, homicide, suicide

• mass disasters
• human rights issues

*positive ids must be given

Question 26

What is disaster archaeology ?

Answer 26

Genocide, natural disasters, war zones

Question 27

What is pulque?

Answer 27

Aztec, Maya, Zapotec, Huastec alcoholic beverage