Unit 3

Question 1

Membership behaviour

Answer 1

Employees decide to join and remain with a membership

Question 2

Task behaviour

Answer 2

Employees perform the tasks they have been assigned

Question 3

Organizational citizenship behaviour

Answer 3

Employees voluntarily behave in ways that are beneficial to the organization

Question 4

Job satisfaction

Answer 4

The attitude people have toward their job and workplace

Question 5

Work motivation

Answer 5

Attitude people have towards good job performance

Question 6

Organizational identification

Answer 6

Sense of shared goals and belonging, and the desire to remain member of the organization

Question 7

Psychological contract

Answer 7

Expectations of the rewards offered by a job and the contributions needed to perform the job

Question 8

Equity theory

Answer 8

Employees perception of equity (fairness) when they compare their contributions/rewards to others in similar situations

Question 9

Distributive justice

Answer 9

The perception that overall reward outcomes are fair

Question 10

Procedural justice

Answer 10

The perception that the process for reward determination is fair

Question 11

Equity sensitivity

Answer 11

Personality trait that is highly predisposed towards perceived personal inequity

Question 12

Organizational commitment

Answer 12

The strength of an individual’s attachment to the organization

Question 13

Affective commitment

Answer 13

Attachment to an organization based on positive feelings toward the organization

Question 14

Continuance commitment

Answer 14

Attachment to an organization based on a perceived lack of better alternatives

Question 15

Salient

Answer 15

Most noticeable or important

Question 16

Content theories of motivation

Answer 16

Theories that focus on understanding motivation by identifying underlying human needs

Question 17

Process theories of motivation

Answer 17

Theories that focus on understanding motivation by determining the processes humans use to make choices about the specific actions they will take

Question 18

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 18

Groups human needs into five levels and states that humans seek to satisfy the lower levels before satisfying higher level needs. 
Physiological 
Security 
Social
Esteem
Self-actualization

Question 19

Two-factor theory of motivation

Answer 19

Argues that intrinsic factors influence work motivation, while extrinsic factors influence job satisfaction

Question 20

Task identity

Answer 20

The extent to which a worker performs a complete cycle of job activities

Question 21

Task significance

Answer 21

The perceived importance or social value of a given task

Question 22

Skill variety

Answer 22

The variety of skills required for task completion

Question 23

Job autonomy

Answer 23

The degree of freedom workers have in deciding how to perform their jobs

Question 24

Job feedback

Answer 24

The extent to which the job itself provides feedback on worker performance

Question 25

Job enrichment

Answer 25

The process of redesigning jobs to incorporate more of the five core dimensions of intrinsically satisfying work

Question 26

Need salience

Answer 26

The degree of urgency an individual attaches to the satisfaction of a particular need

Question 27

Reinforcement theory

Answer 27

A theory that states that a behaviour will be repeated if valued outcomes come the behaviour, or if the behaviour reduces undesirable outcomes

Question 28

Expectancy theory

Answer 28

States that people are more likely to exert effort to perform a particular task if they believe it will lead to valued consequences and if they feel they can perform the behaviour

Question 29

Attribution theory

Answer 29

Theory of motivation arguing that humans engage in a variety of activities without consciously understanding their motives.

Question 30

Agency theory

Answer 30

Employees will pursue their own interests rather than the interests of their employer unless closely monitored or their interests are in line with the employers

Question 31

Personal competencies

Answer 31

A person’s physical, verbal and mental skills

Question 32

Personal values

Answer 32

A person’s core beliefs about appropriate and inappropriate behaviour

Question 33

Personality characteristics

Answer 33

A person’s behavioural and emotional tendencies

Question 34

Demographic characteristics

Answer 34

A person’s age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, etc.