Unit 3 All Words Flashcards

Question

Relocation diffusion

Answer 1

spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another - people pick up and move to a distant place possibly skipping over the area in between - you could have places in-between 2 cities, for example, that don't have the culture but both cities do. https://helpfulprofessor.com/relocation-diffusion-examples/ Example: - Diffusion of Indian curry (Food) - Indians moved and brought it with them. - Blues music: Black Americans moved from rural south to urban North in mid-20th century bringing blues music to Chicago - Amish: Anabaptists moved from Europe to America centuries ago.

Answer 2

spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process -spreads rapidly but stays relevant in original place - the culture starts in one place and expands from there...but the expansion grows outward. - you would NOT skip places (like in relocation diffusion) because this is like a puddle spreading out ( covers everything) Contagioius, hierarchical and stimulus diffusion are all types of expansion diffusion Examples: - Hollywood - rise of skinny jeans

Answer 3

rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population Relies on direct person-to-person contact for spread of ideas, information and knowledge. - type of expansion diffusion - occurs between people of different cultures - occurs equally whether rich or poor - ideas take hold much faster than any other type of diffusion Example - Viral internet content - Tea drinking (until 17th century it was only in China/East Asia - then British brought it back and it went crazy across the world) https://helpfulprofessor.com/contagious-diffusion-examples/

Answer 4

spread of an idea from individuals or centers of authority or power to others - spreads across social classes from top (rich/popular) to bottom (poor/outcasts) - extends from influential places (e.g., New York) to less influential areas (e.g., York County) Examples: - new trends in clothings styles start in Paris/London/New York and spread to smaller cities (Boston, Chicago) and then to smaller towns https://helpfulprofessor.com/hierarchical-diffusion-examples/

Answer 5

spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself fails to diffuse - culture changes as it interacts with and is adopted by new cultures - culture may or may not change at the source as it spreads - underlying principle of the culture does not change although its characteristics change Examples: - a religion that started in City A spreads to surrounding regions, but is synthesized (merged) with existing religions rather than staying as it originally was - Football culture: traditional soccer merged into Rugby Union in upper classes of England, Rugby League in lower classes of England and American Football in the US.

Answer 6

based on a shared understanding of history and territorial origins (regional and national) of an ethnic group or community, as well as on particular cultural characteristics such as language and/or religion

Answer 7

appeals primarily to one group living in one place Most often practiced within a certain ethnic group due to cultural beliefs and values which connect them closely to their ancestral roots. Examples - **Hinduism:** one of oldest ethnic religeons - **Judaism** - **Shinto:** Japan's ancient religeon with belief in numerous kami (spirits) representing natural forces inhabiting mountains, rivers, rocks, etc. https://helpfulprofessor.com/ethnic-religion-examples/

Answer 8

identity with a group who share cultural traditions of a particular homeland PEOPLE who share a CULTURE from a PLACE Different from Nationality - Nationality is the legal membership in a nation (on your passport) You can be of American nationality but of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity

Answer 9

tendency to evaluate other cultures against the standards of one's own culture Believe your culture is natural and correct while other people's cultures are incorrect, unnatural or inferior Example - Expecting others to speak English - Thinking you don't have an accent but everyone else does have one. - Assimilation in general https://helpfulprofessor.com/examples-of-ethnocentrism/

Answer 10

culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups - one of main divisions of material culture - tends to remain consistent over generations - varies from community to community - obstructed (hidden) by mass media - originals in a rural hearth - result of cultural isolation Examples - Amish people or Irish Travelers (Gypsies) - American Indian traditional dances - Regional dialects in England (Person from East End of London sounds very different than someone from Scotland) - Regional Food - New England clam chowder (White) vs Manhattan clam chowder (Red) vs Rhode Island clam chowder (Clear) https://helpfulprofessor.com/folk-culture-examples/

Answer 11

the belief in the original form of a religion or theory, without accepting any later ideas

Answer 12

social differences between men and women, rather than the anatomical, biological differences between the sexes

Answer 13

conveys the idea that there are certain social expectations and rights associated with being a man or a woman

Answer 14

diverse in character or content; dissimilar

Answer 15

ethnic religion and the main religion of India which includes the worship of many gods and the belief that after you die you return to life in a different form

Answer 16

of the same kind; alike

Answer 17

the practice of a country extending its power and influence over other countries, typically through the use of military force, economic coercion, or cultural domination

Answer 18

people or objects native to a certain region or environment

Answer 19

a family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, Iran, and northern India

Answer 20

a universalizing religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Heaven and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran

Answer 21

word-usage boundary; shows which words/phrases are unique to particular regions Different ways American refer to carbonated beverages

Answer 22

a monotheistic ethnic religion of Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles in the sacred Torah and in the Talmud

Answer 23

theory for the origin and diffusion of Indo-European languages proposed by Marija Gimbutas that states that the diffusion started with the Kurgan people from the Russian steppes (4300 BC), nomadic herders that used domesticated horses to conquer much of Europe and South Asia between 3500 and 2500 BC, bringing their language with them; also known as the Nomadic Warrior Thesis

Answer 24

system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds a group of people understands to have the same meaning

Answer 25

languages related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago; differences not as old or as extensive as with language families Example - Family: Indo-European - Branch: Germanic and Italic - Group: Romance under Italic

Answer 26

collection of languages related through common ancestral language that existed before recorded history Examples - Indo-European (English, Greek) - Afro-Asiatic (Egyptian, Arabic, Hebrew) - Sinitic (Mandarin Chinese)

Answer 27

languages within a branch with a common origin in the relatively recent past and few differences in grammar and vocabulary Examples - Romance group: French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish (share common origin in Latin but developed independently)

Answer 28

language that facilitates communication or trade between people who speak different native languages; the original lingua franca was a language used to facilitate trade among the linguistically diverse inhabitants of the Mediterranean (Italian, French, Spanish, Greek, Arabic…) Examples - English: considered first common lingua franca - the "World's Lingua Franca" - Malay: used by Arab and Chinese traders before Europeans arrived

Answer 29

the tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifestyles and technologies Anything that can be physically seen on the landscape Values items such as tools, weapons, machines, buldings, clothing, furniture, and artifacts that are physically tangible (you can touch) If all human beings in the world disappeared, examples of material culture would still be around but nonmaterial culture stuff would disappear as well Different/opposite to Nonmaterial culture (values things you cannot touch)

Answer 30

the traditional Muslim place of worship; architecturally, it often features a minaret, or onion-shaped dome, on top

Answer 31

the coexistence of several cultures in one society, with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study; "Mixed Salad" concept (putting everything together makes it better than the pieces by themselves) a multicultural society can result when people from many different countries migrate to one place, or an empire conquers many countries Example: New York City

Answer 32

anything that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched (e.g., language and religion)

Answer 33

a tower in eastern Asia usually with roofs curving upward at the division of each of several stories and erected as a temple or memorial

Answer 34

mixture of a lingua franca and a second language, no native speakers a combination of two or more languages into one fluid and changeable dialect Pidgin is often incomprehensible to speakers of the original languages

Answer 35

the process of creating quality places that people want to live, work, play, and learn in It is about people - how they make a place feel special

Answer 36

found in large, heterogeneous societies that cover large areas and share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics - one of main division of material culture - experiences dramatic change over time - uniform over a wide geographic area - originates in an urban hearth - aided by the influence of mass media - Result of cultural diffusion

Answer 37

decries the modern architectural emphasis on efficiency and industry; instead tries to design buildings that are visually pleasing to human beings and provide modern humans with a link to their past a reaction in architectural design to the felling of sterile alienation that may people get from modern architecture. - Postmodernism uses older, historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism. - Buildings combine pleasant-looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and to create spaces that are more people-friendly than their modernist predecessors.

Answer 38

a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities

Answer 39

the geographic intersection between the divine and the mortal place or space people infuse with religious meaning Examples - Mona Kea volcano on Big Island of Hawaii (to Native Hawaiians) - Ganges River for Hinduism - Mecca for Islam - Church of the Nativity (in Bethlehem) for Christianity - Western Wall for Judaism

Answer 40

a small group that has broken away from a denomination Examples - Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) - started as Sect and is now a denomination - Sunni and Shia Islam are Sects of Islam - Community of the Lady of All Nations: Sect of Catholic Church

Answer 41

a characteristic that some geographic places have and some do not, while to others it is a feeling or perception held by people; often used in relation to those characteristics that make a place special or unique, as well as to those that foster a sense of authentic human attachment and belonging Very unique concept for each person - different people can think about the same place but it be very different for each person Examples - A person's parent's home - Paris and how the Eiffel Tower sets it apart and makes it distinct

Answer 42

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape Example - Bolivia's cultural landscape includes imprints/influences from early Inca civilization and Spanish colonial conquerors (colonialism) - Egypt has the Great Pyramids - made roughly 2550 to 2490 BC and now a tourist attraction

Answer 43

the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge **Ali and his descendants** as the rightful successors of Muhammad

Answer 44

the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam

Answer 45

a branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the **first four caliphs** as the rightful successors of Muhammad

Answer 46

the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction

Answer 47

is the merging of various characteristics (e.g., beliefs, cultures) into a new culture Example - Cajun culture: blend of French, Spanish and AFrican influence in Southwest Louisiana - Latin Alphabet: emerged from the Etruscan letters, Greek alphabet and Phoenician culture. - Rastafarianism: Ethnic religion formed in 1930s in Jamaica from African culture, Marcus Garvey's teaching about black pride and self-sufficiency and Judaism. - Christmas Tree: blend of pagan and christian traditions. https://helpfulprofessor.com/syncretism-examples/

Answer 48

a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom Example - Failure to tip at a restaurant (taboo in USA but not in Europe) - Swearing (worldwide) - Eating Pork (taboo in Judaism and Islam) https://helpfulprofessor.com/taboo-examples-cultural-religious-food/

Answer 49

the contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes

Answer 50

attempts to be global, to appeal to all, not just those of one culture or place type of religion that seek to spread their message and teachings to people of all ethnic backgrounds (different from/opposite to Ethnic Religion) often actively seek out non-believers from different backgrounds, regardless of ethnicity, to bring more followers into the religion. Examples - Christianity - Islam - Buddhism

Unit 3 All Words Flashcards

(74 cards)