Unit 3 (Ancient Egypt) Flashcards
(61 cards)
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Cartouche</p>
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An overall frame which surrounds hieroglphs that make up the name of an egyption god or royal person</p>
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Cataract</p>
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Wild river rapids formed by boulders and narrow cliffs</p>
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Civil War</p>
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A war between two groups or region in the same country or nation</p>
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Delta</p>
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A triangle shaped deposit of rich soil at a rivers mouth.</p>
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Dynasty</p>
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A family or a group of people that rules for several generations; a line of rulers that passes power from father to son</p>
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Hieroglyphics</p>
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An Egyption writing system in which picture symbols stand for meanings or sounds</p>
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Monotheism</p>
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A belief in one god</p>
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Nile River</p>
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The river that ancient Egypt civilization was built around; the longest river in the world</p>
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Obelisk</p>
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A pillar-shaped stone monument</p>
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Papyrus</p>
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Reed plant used to make paper</p>
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Pharaoh</p>
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Ruler of Egypt, believed to be a child of Re, the Egyption god</p>
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Pyramid</p>
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A structure built to house tombs of pharaohs and other important nobles; entrance always faced north</p>
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Polytheism</p>
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A belief in more than one god</p>
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Rosseta Stone</p>
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A stone used to translate Egyption hieroglyphics, containing writing on it in two languages (Egyption and Greek), using the three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic, and greek)</p>
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Social Pyramid</p>
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A representation of the social structures of ancient Egypt, Pharaoh is at the top, laborers and slaves are at the bottom</p>
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Where is ancient Egypt located?</p>
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Egypt is located in Northwest Africa</p>
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How big is the Sahara Desert?</p>
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Bigger than the United states in area</p>
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What direction does the Nile flow?</p>
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It flows North</p>
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How do the floods of the Nile River affect Egypt?</p>
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It deposited silt, replenishing the soild with nutrients</p>
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What is a delta?</p>
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A triangular shaped deposit of rich soil at a river's mouth</p>
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Is the Nile river delta a good place to grow crops? Why or Why not?</p>
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The Nile River is very fertile & great for growing crops</p>
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Which two bodies of water surround the Sinai Peninsula?</p>
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The Mediterranain Sea to the North & the Red sea to the south</p>
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Which direction is lower Egypt located when looking at a map?</p>
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North</p>
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How did Lower Egypt get it's name?</p>
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It got its name because of the low-lying land that formed the Nile river delta</p>
How did Upper Egypt get its name?
It got its name because it is upstream of the Nile River delta & the land is more elevated
In Upper Egypt, is the Nile river easy waterway to navigate? Why or Why not?
It is hard because of cataracts (rapids)
What natural barriers protected Egypt from invaders?
• The Mediterranian Sea to the North
• The Sahara desert to the west
• The red Sea to the east
In ancient Egypt where did most of the population live?
As populations grew, rivers along the river expanded
How did the Ancient Egyptions create more farmland to support the growing population?
They developed irrigation systems to create more fertile land
How did the Nile river affect the way people in Ancient Egypt traveled?
The Nile river served as a highway
What was papyrus used for?
Papyrus grew along the river & it is used to make paper
What is an "Egyptologist"?
A scientist who studies Egypt
How did the architect believe that the workers got the stones to the top of the pyramid?
By using an internal ramp
What was the wooden sled used for?
To haul stone blocks
How long did it take to construct the great pyramid?
20 years
How did technology help the architect figure out how the pyramid was constructed?
It helped to find the different densities of the pyramid
Originally, Ancient Egypt was made up of two kingdoms. What were they?
Lower Egypt & Upper Egypt
When were the two kingdoms united? Who united them?
In 3100 BCE, King Menes (The first Pharaoh) united both Lower Egypt & Upper Egypt
What 3 time period is Ancient Egyptian history divided into?
Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, & New Kingdom
How would you describe the Old Kingdom?
• A time of peace and prosperity
• Known as the "Age of the Pyramids"
List two facts from the Middle Kingdom.
• Started when Amenemhet ended the rebellions after the Old Kingdom
• He rebuilt a strong central government
• Increased trade with neighbors
Who was Hatshepsut? What did she do for Egypt?
• Hatshepsut was the first female rule, & increased Egypt's wealth
• She traded for things that Egypt needed
Eventually the Egyption government lost power & the civilization began to decline. Who conquerd Egypt?
The Assyrians and the Persians around 1075 BCE
Explain how the Nile River impacted Egypt.
- Flooded each summer, leaving behind silt. This was great for growing crops
- This is why cities were centered along the Nile River (this is where the food was)
- The Nile River was a highway and allowed for transportation from town to town
Explain how the Red Sea/ Mediterrainian Sea Impacted Ancient Egypt.
- Protected Egypt from invaders
- Salt water- humans could not drink or use to water crops
Explain how the Sahara desert impacted Ancient Egypts life.
- Protected Egypt from invaders
- Without the Nile River, Egypt would be lifeless
Explain how Cataracts impacted Ancient Egypt life.
Strong river rapids that made travel along the Nile River difficult. Found in Upper Egypt
List Egypts main exports.
Wheat, Barley, Papyrus, & Linin
What is an export?
An object that is sold or sent to another place
What is an import?
An object that is bought or taken in
Why was trading important in Ancient Egyption Economy?
Egypt could trade what they had a surplus of and get items that they did not have
Who did Egypt trade with and what did they trade for? Also how did Egypt used those imports?
Lebanon -> Wood (cypress and cedar)
Homes, tools, boats, canoes, & furniture
Nubia -> Wood, Gold
Jewlery, homes, tools, boats, canoes, & furniture
Sinai -> Copper
Jewlery
Afghanistan -> Lapis lazuil (precious gems and jewelry)
Precious Gems, & Jewlery
Punt -> Incense
Good Smell, Symbol of wealth
Who was Egypts first pharaoh?
King Menes
What did King Menes accomplish in 3100 BCE?
In 3100 King Menes unified upper and lower Egypt
Why were the pharaohs able to hold so much power in Ancient Egypt?
The people of Egypt believed that the pharaoh was chosen by the gods to lead the people
Why should Hatshepsut be remembered?
- First female ruler in Egypt and the world
- Promoted trade and expanded Egypt’s wealth
Why should Thutmose III be remembered?
-Strengthened Egypt’s military and expanded Egypt’s empire
- Increased literature, art, and architecture
Why should Akhenaten be remembered?
- Changed Egyptian religion from polytheism to monotheism.
- After he died, Egyptians went back to polytheism
Re-create your own Ancient Egypt Social pyramid. Provide a description of each.
Pharaoh- King, leader.
Government Officials/Priests- Collected taxes and constructing public buildings. Priests led religious ceremonies.
Soldiers/Scribes- Soldiers defended Egypt from enemies. Scribes recorded court cases and tax records.
Merchants/Craftsmen- Built tools and traded
Farmers/Slaves- Responsible for planting and harvesting the food for the people of Egypt. Slaves had to do hard labor.
Why did the Egyptions mummify the dead?
To prepare the body for the afterlife in the underworld
What is the difference between polytheism and monotheism?
Polytheism - The belief in many gods
Monotheism - The belief in one god
