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Unit 4 (Ancient India) Flashcards

1
Q

Aryans

A

A group of nomadic people of Eurasian ancestry who invaded civilizations in the Indus River Valley around
1500 BCE and combined their own cultures and traditions with those of the people living there.

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2
Q

Caste System

A 
The social class system that divided ancient India’s social groups (Brahman at the top, then
 Kshatryia, then Vaisha, then Shudra at the bottom).
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3
Q

Citadel

A

A structure built for citizens to go for safety in the case of an attack

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4
Q

Empire

A

A political unit or large geographic area that is ruled under a unified authority such as an emperor or king

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5
Q

Ganges River

A

A river in India rising in the Himalayas and flowing generally east to the Bay of Bengal

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6
Q

Harrapa

A

An ancient city whose remains have been found in the Indus River Valley; lasted about 2500-1500 BCE

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7
Q

Himilayas

A

Mountain range in Asia, extending east through Pakistan, India, China, Nepal, and Bhutan

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8
Q

Hinduism

A

The oldest and most widely practiced religion and cultural tradition in India

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9
Q

Indian Subcontinent

A

A geographic region that makes up most of South Asia and is separated from the rest of Asia
by mountains and ocean; includes countries of Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka

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10
Q

Indus River

A

A river in south-central Asia beginning in southwest Xizang (Tibet) and flowing northwest through
northern India and southwest through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea

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11
Q

Mohenjo-Daro

A

An ancient city whose remains have been found in Indus River Valley; lasted about 3000-1500 BCE

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12
Q

Monsoon

A

A seasonal, intense wind in Asia that blows from the southwest from June to September, creating heavy
rainstorms and from the northeast from October to May, creating dry weather

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13
Q

Reincarnation

A

A belief in the Hindu religion that the soul reappears after death in another and different bodily form

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14
Q

Surplus

A

An excess of something, or an amount remaining once the demand for the item has been met

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15
Q

Vedas

A

Four ancient sacred books of Hinduism, consisting of hymns, chants, and sacred formulas

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16
Q

Label the Indian Map

A
  1. Indian Subcontinent
  2. Himilayan Mountain Range
  3. Mount Everest
  4. Indus River
  5. Arabian Sea
  6. Ganges River
  7. Bay of Bengal
  8. Brahmaputra River
  9. Deccan Plateu
  10. Indian Ocean
  11. Sri Lanka
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17
Q

What is the name of the landform most of India lies on?

A

The Indian Subcontinent

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18
Q

How were the Himilayan Mountains created?

A

The Himilayan Mountains were created by the collision of the Indian Subcontinent & the Eurasian plate.

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19
Q

How tall is Mount Everest?

A

It is the tallest mountain in the world, approximately 29,029 ft tall (almost 6 miles).

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20
Q

Where do the rivers of India get most of their waters from?

A

The Himilayan Mountain Range

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21
Q

The Indus River is located in which modern-day country?

A

Pakistan

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22
Q

What is the most populated river in the world? How many people live there?

A

The Ganges River is the most populated river in the world. And approximately 400 million people live along that river.

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23
Q

The Brahmaputra River & the Ganges river combine and form a large delta in what country?

A

The 2 rivers create a river delta that is very fertile, in Bangladesh

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24
Q

What is a Plateau? What is the name of the plateau located in southern India?

A

A plateau is a large area of mostly flat level land. And the plateau in southern India is called the Deccan Plateau.

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25
What three continents does the Indian Ocean border?
The Indian Ocean borders Africa, Asia, & Australia.
26
Sri Lanka is a small country located off the border of the coast of India. What are 2 of its main exports?
One of the worlds largest tea & coffee producers.
27
What is Climate?
Climate is the weather condition over a long period of time
28
What are Monsoons?
Monsoons are seasonal winds that produce wet & dry wind in India
29
What happens during the Summer Monsoons?
Summer Monsoons blow from the southeast over the Indian Ocean. It causes annual floods/rains normally, but sometimes famine.
30
What happens during the Winter Monsoons?
The Winter Monsoons blow from the northwest over the Himilayas. It brings dry weather.
31
What are most of the floods in India caused by?
In the summer months, the rain from the monsoons can cause floods
32
What is famine? What causes famine?
Famine is when there is a shortage of food. This is sometimes caused by the summer monsoons that don't bring the expected rain.
33
What kind of damage can a cyclone cause?
A cyclone can can kill many people & destroy homes. It can also cause storm surges.
34
What is a tsunami?
Tsunami's are giant ocean waves caused by earthquakes & landslides.
35
Describe what happened in the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake & Tsunami.
Many people died because of the Earthquake that spread to a lot of places.
36
How did civilizations arise of the Indian Subcontinent?
Civilizations arised when people settled near the 3 great rivers: Indus, Ganges, & Saraswati. These great rivers provided fertile soil which makes plants possble to live there. Plants led a settlement to stay in one place & then a civilization arose.
37
What similarities existed between Harappa & Meohenjo-Daro?
In both Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro there are granaries. At least one of these granaries is in the center of town. There was a citadel surrounding & protecting in both Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro. Both of these grew because farmers brought in crops. Both are located along the Indus River. Both cities have a grid system. And they are both split into government jobs & residential areas like Charlotte is.
38
Why did the Civilizations in the Indus River Valley begin to decline around 1900 BCE?
Civilizations begin to decline because of deforestation. This didn't hold the soil in place. You need roots to hold soil in place. Since there were no roots to hold the fertile soil down, there was no plants which equals no food so people moved away. Also the Aryans took over in 1500 BCE.
39
Who were the Aryans?
The Aryans were a nomadic group that came from modern day Russia. They conquered the Dravidian people of India. The Aryans then gave up their nomadic lifestyle & settled in India.
40
How did the Aryans impact the culture of India?
Hinduism is based off of several Aryan beliefs. They brought down the belief that many gods live in nature. The vedas are sacred text. The Aryans religion and the people of India's belief combined to form Hinduism. When the Aryans came to India, the people in India didn't have a language. The Aryans introduced Sanskrit & it spread throughout India. The Aryans also introduced the Caste System. This decides what jobs you will have and whoyou will marry. This was a dominant part of Indian Culture until the mid 1900's.
41
How long did the Mauryan Empire last?
It lasted from 321 BCE to 185 BCE (Approx. 150 years)
42
Where was the Mauryan Empire located?
Mostly in modern-day India. Parts in modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, & Iran.
43
What was the population of the Mauryan Empire?
It is estimated 50-60- million people
44
When did Chandragupta Maurya rise to power?
At a young age of 20
45
What did Chandragupta Maurya do important? ## Footnote
He united the kingdoms of North India becoming the first emperor of India ## Footnote
46
When did Chandragupta Maurya die?
297 BCE
47
Who was the Mauryan Empire founded by?
Chandragupta Maurya
48
How did people trade/sell during the Mauryan Empire?
They follow the trading network that Chandragupta Maurya created to trade or sell with your own goods or the worlds first currency
49
Who spread the teachings of Buddha?
Ashoka the Great
50
Why did Ashoka convert to Buddhism?
After wittnessing a war that killed thousands, he renounced war & violence
51
Who was the 3rd and final ruler of the Mauryan Empire?
Ashoka the Great
52
What did Ashoka the Great do pertaining to education?
He built schools and universities and he spread education
53
When did Ashoka the Great die?
238 BCE
54
How long did the Gupta Empire last?
320 CE to 550 CE (About 230 years)
55
What type of scientific discoveries did the Gupta Empire accomplish?
They created the concept of "0" & Developed Arabic numerals
56
What does "0" make it possible to do?
The zero makes it possible to use multiple digits & make math operations easier.
57
What is migration?
Migration is a permanent move from one place to another
58
What language would you write & speak in if you lived in Ancient India?
Sanskrit
59
What are most floods in India caused by?
The Summer Monsoons
60
Where did the first people settle in Ancient India?
Along the Indus river.
61
List 3 ways the Aryans impacted the culture of India.
They impacted by bringing: Sanskrit (Language), The Holy Vedas, The Caste System, & Many gods of nature (Polytheistic gods of nature)
62
Who were the Brahmans?
High Priests These priests have the responsibility to provide the spiritual & intellectual needs of society
63
Who were the Kshatriyas?
Warriors & Rulers These warriors & rulers have the responsibility to protect society
64
Who were the Vaisyas?
Merchents & Skilled Workers * These people were responsible for the agriculture & economics of the society * They also were responsible for skilled trades such as metalworking & shoemaking
65
Who were the Shudras?
Laborers & Unskilled workers These people are commisioned to do all of the human labor for the society such as farming & building
66
Who were the Dalits/Untouchables?
This is the lowest class who performed all of the jobs relating to bodily decay & dirt (buring the dead, cleaning restrooms, etc.) • Ghandi was a untouchable
67
What are the rules of the Caste System?
1. You are born into your caste 2. Your occupation is determined by your caste 3. You cannot change your caste 4. You cannot marry or socialize outside of your caste
68
How large is Hinduism?
It is the 3rd largest in the world
69
What percent of all people practice Hinduism?
14% of people all people
70
How old is Hinduism?
6,000 years old
71
What countries do most Hindu people live in?
1. India 2. Nepal 3. Bhutan 4. Sri Lanka 5. Bangladesh
72
Hinduism is a combination of what 2 groups of people's beliefs?
The Aryans & Dravidians
73
What was the holy book of Hinduism? What was it written in?
The holy books of Hinduism are called the Vedas. They are written in hymns.
74
What is the Spiritual power that creates & controls the universe?
Brahman
75
Who are the 3 main gods of Hinduism & what are there roles?
Brahman - The Creator Vishnu - The Preserver Shiva - The Destroyer & Creator
76
What is the belief that the soul passes from one body to the next?
Reincarnation
77
A group of nomadic people of Eurasian ancestry who invaded civilizations in the Indus River Valley around 1500 BCE and combined their own cultures and traditions with those of the people living there.
Aryans
78
``` The social class system that divided ancient India’s social groups (Brahman at the top, then Kshatryia, then Vaisha, then Shudra at the bottom). ```
Caste System
79
A structure built for citizens to go for safety in the case of an attack
Citadel
80
A political unit or large geographic area that is ruled under a unified authority such as an emperor or king
Empire
81
A river in India rising in the Himalayas and flowing generally east to the Bay of Bengal
Ganges River
82
An ancient city whose remains have been found in the Indus River Valley; lasted about 2500-1500 BCE
Harrapa
83
Mountain range in Asia, extending east through Pakistan, India, China, Nepal, and Bhutan
Himilayas
84
The oldest and most widely practiced religion and cultural tradition in India
Hinduism
85
A geographic region that makes up most of South Asia and is separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and ocean; includes countries of Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka
Indian Subcontinent
86
A river in south-central Asia beginning in southwest Xizang (Tibet) and flowing northwest through northern India and southwest through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea
Indus River
87
An ancient city whose remains have been found in Indus River Valley; lasted about 3000-1500 BCE
Mohenjo-Daro
88
A seasonal, intense wind in Asia that blows from the southwest from June to September, creating heavy rainstorms and from the northeast from October to May, creating dry weather
Monsoon
89
A belief in the Hindu religion that the soul reappears after death in another and different bodily form
Reincarnation
90
An excess of something, or an amount remaining once the demand for the item has been met
Surplus
91
Four ancient sacred books of Hinduism, consisting of hymns, chants, and sacred formulas
Vedas

Social Studies (6th Grade) (9 decks)

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