Unit 3 AOS 2 - Human recources

Question 1

Human resource management

Answer 1

The effective management of the formal relationship between the employer and employees.

Question 2

Human resource manager

Answer 2

coordinates all the activities involved in acquiring, developing, maintaining, and terminating employees from a business’s human resource.

Question 3

Productivity

Answer 3

a measure of performance that indicated how many inputs (resources) it takes to produce an output (goods or service)

Question 4

Need

Answer 4

Person requirement

Question 5

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

Maslow’s sequence of human needs in the order of their importance. Assuming that each need will act as a source of motivation for an employee while it remains unsatisfied.

Question 6

What are the 5 needs

Answer 6

Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self-actualisation

Question 7

Two strengths off the hierarchy of needs

Answer 7

Allows management to develop and understanding of employee needs

Allows management to be aware that employees will be at different stages of development, and that they are motivated by a variety of methods.

Question 8

Two limitations of the hierarchy of needs

Answer 8

It’s only a theory meaning it is not supported by empirical evidence.

May struggle to identify the stages that each employee is in.

Question 9

What is the goal setting theory

Answer 9

Employees are motivated by clear, specific and challanging goals that they have helped establish within the business.

Question 10

What are the 5 goal principles

Answer 10

Clarity
Challange
Commitment
Feedback
Task complexity

Question 11

What is clarity

Answer 11

Giving goals clarity means making them unambiguous and measurable, they need to be clear and specific as possible.

Question 12

What is challenge

Answer 12

Employees are often more motivated to accomplish a goal that has not been completed before, meaning a high level of challenge that is still attainable provides high levels of motivation.

Question 13

What is commitment

Answer 13

Must be commitment from employees to ensure that the objectives and tasks are completed.

Question 14

What is feedback

Answer 14

Must be provided to employees and be repeatedly provided to employees. Offering recognition for achievements and to make adjustments to goals or actions.

Question 15

What is task complexity

Answer 15

Setting clear, specific and challenging goals will require a larger number of complex tasks to be achieved.

Question 16

Two strengths of the goal setting theory

Answer 16

Better relationships between management and employees as employee opinion is valued.

Staff will perform at a higher standard due to clear and specific goals being set.

Question 17

Two limitations of the goal setting theory

Answer 17

Individual employee goals may clash with business goals

Setting vague goals can lead to poor performance.

Question 18

What is the four drive theory

Answer 18

The main four drives that shape the way humans think and behave, motivating employees within the workplace.

Question 19

What are the 4 drives

Answer 19

Drive to acquire
Drive to bond
Drive to learn
Drive to defend

Question 20

What is the drive to acquire

Answer 20

Includes the desire to own material goods, and encompasses the desire for status, power and influence.

Question 21

What is the drive to bond

Answer 21

The strong need to form relationships with other individuals and groups.

Question 22

What is the drive to learn

Answer 22

The desire to satisfy curiosity, to learn new skills and to explore the world around us.

Question 23

What is the drive to defend

Answer 23

The desire to remove threats to our safety and security, and to protect what we regard as our own.

Question 24

Two strengths of the four drive theory

Answer 24

The drives work individually allowing for employees and management to be flexible.

Convert into efforts that is directed at improving behaviour.

Question 25

Two limitations of the four drive theory

Answer 25

There can be additional drives providing motivations, not just the 4 presented. Some workplace applications involve competition between employees, meaning the perception of drives can be affected.

Question 26

Two similarities between the 3 motivational theories.

Answer 26

Each aim to direct and energise employees towards the achievement of business goals. Each theory believes in the power of intrinsic reward gained form recognition of achievements. - Maslow believes the esteem level will motivate when recognition is applied - Locke and Latham believe that recognition and celebration of the achievement of goals is motivating - Lawrence and Nohria believe that employees with a strong drive to acquire will be motivated by recognition of their achievement.

Question 27

Two differences between the 3 motivation theories

Answer 27

Pay: Maslow pay is a motivator, goal says pay is not a motivator, drives say ist a motivator. Training: mallows says training allows safety needs to be met, goals say raining can assist to support goal accomplishment, drives say training can satisfy drive to learn and comprehend.

Question 28

What are motivation stratergies

Answer 28

Strategies that provide employees with motivation thus improving their productivity and objective accomplishment by improving performance.

Question 29

What is performance related pay

Answer 29

The monetary compensation provided to employees relative to how their performance is assessed according to set standards.

Question 30

How can performance related pay be applied

Answer 30

Pay increase Bonus Compensation Share plan Profit sharing Gainsharing

Question 31

What is career advancements

Answer 31

The assigning of more responsibilities/ authority to employees or the promotion of employees to positions that bring rewards, such as increased salary, fringe benefits, increased responsibility.

Question 32

What is investing in training

Answer 32

The direction of finances, or resources such as time, into the teaching of skills to employees.

Question 33

What is support

Answer 33

The assistance or services (such as counselling and mentoring) provided by the business to help employees cope with difficulties that may impede their work performance.

Question 34

What is sanction

Answer 34

A form of penalty or discipline imposed on an employee for poor performance.

Question 35

What is training

Answer 35

Is the process of teaching staff how to do their job more efficiently by boosting their knowledge and skills.

Question 36

3 strengths of training

Answer 36

Reduce error in the workplace. Improve productivity Provides a competitive advantage for the firm

Question 37

2 limitations of training

Answer 37

Can be expensive due to employees having training they may search for a better more equip job.

Question 38

What is on the job training

Answer 38

Occurs when employees learn a specific set of skills to perform particular tasks within the workplace. This usually occurs within the working environment, using equipment and machinery present.

Question 39

2 strengths of on the job training

Answer 39

Trainees l equiptmnet that they will use on the daily. cost effective

Question 40

2 limitations of on the job training

Answer 40

quality of trainer may vary real equipment and tools are used thud disrupting production within the business.

Question 41

What is off the job training

Answer 41

Occurs when employees learn skills in a location away from the workplace. It usually involves sending individuals or groups of employees to a particular specialised training institution.

Question 42

2 strength soft off the job training

Answer 42

Provides formally recognised qualification Can be more intense without workplace distractions

Question 43

2 limitations of off the job training

Answer 43

More expensive Lost time that could be spend working

Question 44

What is performance management

Answer 44

A focus on improving both business and individual performance through relating business performance objectives to individual employee performance objectives.

Question 45

4 performance management stratergies

Answer 45

Management by objectives appraisal employee self evaluation employee observation

Question 46

what is management of objectives

Answer 46

is a process by which management and employees agree on and set goals for each employee, with these goals all contributing to the objectives of the business as a whole.

Question 47

What is appraisal

Answer 47

the formal assessment of how efficiently and effectively an employee is performing their role in the business.

Question 48

What is self evaluation

Answer 48

a process whereby employees carry out self-assessment, based on a set of agrees criteria.

Question 49

What is employee observation

Answer 49

a strategy where a variety of opination on the performance of employees is sought with the aim of arriving at a more comprehensive picture of past and current performance.

Question 50

What is termination of employment

Answer 50

Is when an employee leave a particular work place, ending the employment relationship.

Question 51

What is retirement (voluntary)

Answer 51

occurs when an employee decides to give up full time or part time work and no longer be a part of the workforce.

Question 52

What is resignation (voluntary)

Answer 52

refers to the voluntary ending of an employment relationship, this decision is made by the employee when they wish to leave their job

Question 53

what is redundancy (voluntary + involuntary)

Answer 53

occurs when a person’s job no longer exists usually due to technological changes, a business restructure, or merger with another business.

Question 54

What is dismissal

Answer 54

Occurs when the behaviour of an employee is unacceptable, and a business terminated their employment.

Question 55

What is unfair dismissal

Answer 55

occurs when and employee is dismissed because the employer has discriminated against them in some way.

Question 56

What are entitlement considerations

Answer 56

The rights to benefits that employees have when leaving the workplace on a voluntary r an involuntary basis.

Question 57

What are transition consideration

Answer 57

are issues relating to the process of changing form one job to another or form one set of circumstances to another.

Question 58

What are workplace relations

Answer 58

are the interactions between employers and employees, or their representatives, to achieve a set of working conditions that will meet the needs of employees, as well as allowing the business to achieve its objectives.

Question 59

What are 5 participants in the workplace

Answer 59

Human resource managers Employees Employer associations Unions Fair work commission

Question 60

What is the fair work commissions

Answer 60

Australia’s national workplace tribunal that has a number of responsibilities under the fair work act 2009.

Question 61

What is an award

Answer 61

a legally binding document determined by the Fair work commission that sets out minimum wages and conditions for a whole industries or occupations.

Question 62

What is collective bargaining

Answer 62

Determining the terms and conditions of employment through direct negotiations between unions and employers.

Question 63

Enterprise agreements

Answer 63

Is an agreement on pay and conditions of work made at the workplace level and negotiated between groups of employees, or between major employers and representative groups.

Question 64

Common law individual employment contract/ agreement

Answer 64

covers those employees who are not under any award or collective enterprise agreement.

Question 65

What are disputes

Answer 65

are a result of a disagreement or dissatisfaction between individuals and/ or groups.

Question 66

What is strike and a lockout

Answer 66

Strike: occurs when employees withdraw their labour for a period of time in pursuit of improvements I their employment conditions. Lockout: occurs when employers clos ethe workplace for a period of time as a means of applying pressure to employees during a period of industrial conflict.

Question 67

Dispute resolution processes

Answer 67

is a series of steps that disputing parties follow in order to resolve a disagreement.

Question 68

What is mediation

Answer 68

Involves an impartial third-party facilitating discussions between disputing parties to help each side of the conflict reach a resolution themselves.

Question 69

What is arbitration

Answer 69

Involves an independent third-party hearing arguments form both disputing parties and making a legally binding agreement to resolve the conflict.