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HKR 2311 > Unit 3 - Articular System > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Articular System Flashcards

1
Q

joint is an immovable joint

A

Synarthrosis

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2
Q

joint is a slightly movable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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3
Q

joint is a freely movable joint

A

Diarthosis

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4
Q

Synarthroses

Four major types:

A

Suture: Located in the bones of the skull
Gomphosis: Connection between a tooth and its socket
Synchondrosis: Epiphyseal cartilage in long bones
Synostosis: Are totally immovable joints

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5
Q

Amphiarthroses

Two major types:

A

Syndesmosis: A ligament band connecting bones (tibia and fibula or ulnar and radius)
Symphysis: Bones are separated by a wedge or a pad of fibrocartilage (pubis and intervertebral discs)

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6
Q

Located in the bones of the skull

A

suture

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7
Q

Connection between a tooth and its socket

A

gomphosis

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8
Q

Epiphyseal cartilage in long bones

A

Synchondrosis

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9
Q

Are totally immovable joints

A

Synostosis

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10
Q

A ligament band connecting bones (tibia and fibula or ulnar and radius)

A

Syndesmosis

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11
Q

Bones are separated by a wedge or a pad of fibrocartilage (pubis and intervertebral discs)

A

Symphysis

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12
Q

The components that make up a synovial joint are:

A 
Fibrous articular capsule
    Synovial cavity
    Synovial membrane
    Haversian fat pads
    Articular (hyaline) cartilage
    Ligaments
    Tendons
    Bursae
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13
Q

The synovial membrane contains ____ and ______ which make up the synovial fluid.

A

phagotic cells and B cells

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14
Q

A joint that allows movement in only one axis is called

A

Monaxial.

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15
Q

A joint that allows movement in along two different axes is called

A

Biaxial.

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16
Q

A joint that permits a combination of angular movement and rotation is called

A

Triaxial or Multiaxial.

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17
Q

synovial joints can be classified as

A

liding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, or ball-and-socket.

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18
Q

Range of Motion is restricted by:

A

Skeletal Structures
Ligaments
Muscles

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19
Q

is a rigid structure, such as a bone, that moves at a fixed point called a fulcrum.

A

lever

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20
Q

There are three classes of levers found in the human body:

A

1) First-Class Lever: The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance (e.g triceps insertion at the elbow)
2) Second-Class Lever: The resistance is located between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. plantar flexors inserion at the ankle)
3) Third-Class Lever: A force is applied between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. biceps insertion at the elbow)

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21
Q

The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance (e.g triceps insertion at the elbow)

A

first class lever

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22
Q

The resistance is located between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. plantar flexors inserion at the ankle)

A

Second-Class Lever

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23
Q

A force is applied between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. biceps insertion at the elbow)

A

third class level

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24
Q

Attaches the vertebral bodies to each other

A

Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments

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25
Connects the vertebral arches (laminae) of adjacent vertebrae
Ligamentum Flava
26
Connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebral
Interspinous Ligaments
27
Cross over and attaches the ends of the spinous processes
Supraspinous Ligaments
28
Monaxial and allows flexion and extension
Atlanto-occipital joint
29
Monaxial and pivot joint, allowing rotation.
Atlanto-axial joint
30
Attaches the dens to the foramen magnum area
Alar Ligament
31
Attaches the heads of ribs to the vertebral bodies (costovertebral, diarthrosis) Attaches cartilage to the sternum (sternocostal)
Radiate Ligaments
32
attaches the necks of ribs to the transverse processes of the vertebrae (costovertebral)
Costotransverse ligaments
33
A diarthrosis joint
Sternoclavicular Joint Sternoclavicular Ligament
34
A synarthrosis joint
Coracoclavicular Joint Coracoclavicular Ligament
35
A diarthrosis joint
Acromioclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Ligament
36
A multiaxial, ball-and-socket joint.
shoulder joint
37
Shoulder Joint: A multiaxial, ball-and-socket joint. | Components involved include:
``` Glenohumenal Ligament Coracohumeral Ligament Coracoacromial ligament Coracoclavicular Acromioclavicular Glenoid labrum: deepens the socket Rotator Cuff Muscles: support joint and limit the range of motion ```
38
Acts as a secondary socket to the shoulder joint
Coracoacromial Arch
39
Coracoacromial Arch: Acts as a secondary socket to the shoulder joint Components involved include:
Coracoacromial Ligament | Subacromial bursa: Reduces supraspinatus friction
40
Elbow Joint: Is a monoaxial, hinge joint | Components involved include:
ollateral Ligaments: Ulnar and radial Annular Ligament: Binds the radial head to the ulna Subcutaneous bursae: Under-lying the olecranon process
41
Is a monoaxial, hinge joint
elbow joint
42
A monaxial joint that provides rotation
Radio-Ulnar Joint:
43
Radio-Ulnar Joint: A monaxial joint that provides rotation
Annular Ligament | Interosseous membrane: A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the ulnar and radius
44
A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the ulnar and radius
Interosseous membrane
45
A ellipsoidal, biaxial joint
Radiocarpal Joint (wrist): Collateral Ligaments
46
A diarthrosis joint
Midcarpal Joint
47
are biaxial except for specialization at the thumb which is a multiaxial, saddle joint
Carpometacarpal Joints
48
``` Metacarpophalangeal Joints (knuckles): Components involved include: ```
Palmar Ligaments: Reduces tendon friction Transverse Liaments: Binds metacarpal heads Collateral ligaments: Helps us to make a fist
49
Reduces tendon friction
Palmar Ligaments
50
Binds metacarpal heads
Transverse Liaments
51
Helps us to make a fist
Collateral ligaments
52
Are monaxial hinge joints
Interphalangeal Joints
53
Interphalangeal Joints: Are monaxial hinge joints | Components involved include:
Palmar Ligaments | Collateral Ligaments
54
Sacroiliac Joint: The anterior portion is diarthrosis, and the posterior portion is synarthrosis Components involved include:
Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament | Iliolumbar Ligament
55
The joint is formed by fibrocartilage
Symphysis Pubis
56
Hip Joint: Is a multiaxial, ball-and-socket joint | Components involved include:
Acetabular Labrum: Increases the depth of the joint cavity Transverse Ligament of the Acetabulum: Fills the gap in the inferior border Iliofemoral Ligament: Reinforce the articular capsule Ischiofemoral Ligament: Reinforce the articular capsule Pubofemoral Ligament: Reinforce the articular capsule Head Ligament or Ligamentum Teres: Tense when hip is flexed or undergoes lateral rotation
57
Knee Joint: Is a monaxial, hinge joint | Components involved include:
Medial and Lateral Meniscus: Acts as a cushion, that conforms to the articulating surface and provides stability Anterior Cruciate Ligaments: Prevents anterior dislocation of tibia Posterior Cruciate ligaments: Prevents posterior dislocation of tibia Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments: Reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the knee Bursae: Reduces the friction
58
Acts as a cushion, that conforms to the articulating surface and provides stability
Medial and Lateral Meniscus:
59
Prevents anterior dislocation of tibia
Anterior Cruciate Ligaments
60
Prevents posterior dislocation of tibia
Posterior Cruciate ligaments
61
Reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the knee
Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments
62
Reduces the friction
Bursae
63
Tibiofibular Joint: Is a syndesmosis joint | Components involved include:
Interosseus Membrane: A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the tibia and fibula Interosseous tibofibular ligaments: Provide distal support
64
A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the tibia and fibula
Interosseus Membrane
65
Provide distal support
Interosseous tibofibular ligaments
66
``` Talocural Joint (ankle): Is a monaxial, hinge joint Components involved include: ```
``` Talofibular Ligament (weaker ligaments: lateral side) Calcaneofibular Ligament (weaker ligaments: lateral side) Deltoid Ligament (strongest ligament: medial side) Posterior Transverse Tibiofibular Ligament ```

HKR 2311 (3 decks)

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