Unit 3 - Australian Health Flashcards
(49 cards)
Social Justice Principles- Diversity
Encompasses the variety of characteristics, circumstances and experiences of the stakeholders affected by, or who affect the health outcomes of the issue
-beliefs
-values
-attitudes
-behaviours
Equity
Used to examine the access that stakeholders have to determine if health outcomes are fair and just
-the rights and dignity of all people
Supportive environments
Refers to the socio-cultural, physical, political, emotional, cultural, educational and economic surrounds in which positive health outcomes are supported, maintained or promoted
Strategies that meet the social justice principles
Equity - additional medicare subsidies and programs to reduce inequality’s and costs
Diversity - Accessible and culturally relevant health resources and health promotion campaigns
- Aboriginal healthcare workers
Supportive environments - Community based local services (purple house dialysis clinic and mobile truck)
- Aboriginal health centres in urban and rural Australia
Major causes of morbidity and mortality in Aus (Dementia) Definition
A collection of symptoms that are cause by disorders affecting the brain
Dementia statistics
- Second leading cause of death of all Australians and the leading cause of death for Australian women
- Most common over the age of 65
- 433,300 people have it in Aus (morbidity)
- increase in DALY from 2015
- deaths risen over time
Dementia risk factors
biological- age, genetics, obesity, hearing loss, diabetes
socio-cultural - lower ses
behavioural - tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption
physical environment - exposure to air pollution
demevtia Prevention
Sleep - cognitive problems can be reduced with enough sleep
Nutrition - If you eat healthy you have a healthier heart, body and mind
dementia Treatment
Medical Technology
- colinesterase
- rispiredone
Complimentary Therapies
- joy
- paro
COPD definition
A preventable and treatable lung disease characterised by chronic obstruction of lung flow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
COPD Statistics
- 638,00 people in Australia were estimated to be living with COPD
- 5th leading cause of burden of disease in Australia
- COPD accounted for 3.9 % of deaths in Australia
- rates have remained steady over time
COPD risk factors
physical - exposure to pollutants in the environment such as dust, gas and fumes, living in outer regions of aus
behavioural - smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke (up to 50% of smokers may develop COPD)
biological- emphysema, small airways, asthma, 75 + years
socio - cultural - smoking rates amongst aboriginal people is more than double the australian population (due to generational trauma and it being the “social norm”)
COPD prevention
Individual - don’t smoke, avoid pollutants, stay physically active, eat healthy
Community - National Tobacco strategy is a strategy to improve the health of all australians by reducing the prevalence of tobacco use and its associated health issues.
- smoking prevalence decreased from 16.1 % in 2012 to 13.8 % in 2018
ATRAC framework - a framework for tackling the smoking problem amongst aboriginal australians by building on already existing programs in NSW
- decline in smoking rates
COPD treatment
Inhaled medicines
- bronchodilators
- inhaled steroids
- oral steroids
oxygen therapy
- usually done by an oxygen mask
antibiotics
pulmonary rehab program (complementary)
- combine health education, exercise training, breathing techniques, nutrition advice and counseling
groups experiencing inequality in health status
rural and remote areas
aboriginal and torres strait islanders
specific health concerns (statistics) - rural and remote areas
- higher rates of preventable diseases
determinants contributing to inequalities- rural and remote areas
biological
- 1.2 higher blood pressure
- 10% higher BMI
socio cultural
- more than half of regional, remote and very remote areas live in socioeconomic disadvantage
- 1.2 times more likely to experience food insecurity
physical
- roads are worse and wildlife is more likely to run across, more travel time and poorly lit roads lead to higher mortality rates due to injury
- 38 % of people living in rural/remote areas are not getting proper access to healthcare
behavioural
- higher rates of alcohol use
- higher rates of physical inactivity
- higher rates of illicit drug use
- higher rates of poor food choice
political environment
- less representation in government
- less funding
how can rural and remote groups advocate for their health
- write letters to politicians
- be well informed of a wide range of medical conditions
- make posters
- make social media posts
what strategies are there for rural and remote areas to reduce inequality in health
RFDS
provides emergency aeromedical evacuations throughout rural and remote australia.
- they also provide telehealth advice, medical research data, transport, primary healthcare and vaccinations.
- can be accessed all over australia and has federal funding
Telehealth
Is having a conversation with a healthcare provider or a video call.
- provides healthcare if someone is too unwell or needs to self isolate
- specifically focuses on conditions that don’t require a face to face consult
determinants contributing to inequalities- indigenous australians
biological
- low birth weight (twice as likely)
socio-cultural
- social exclusion (indigenous people face poorer health due to racism and social exclusion
- cultural norms (may not access medicine as it may be seen as culturally inappropriate)
physical environment
- housing (1 in 3 ppl live in a dwelling with one or more major structural problems)
- less access to health services
behavioural
- higher rates of tobacco smoking
- higher rates of overweight and obesity which contributes to higher rates of associated conditions
- higher rates of risky drinking (1.8)
political
- historical exclusion from the political system means there is still insufficient resourcing and funding
how can indigenous australians advocate for their health
- write to politicians
- make posters
- make social media posts
- do advertising
- talk to schools
what strategies are there to reduce inequalities in health for indigenous people
Aboriginal Healthcare workers
professionally trained first nations people who provide clinical services, deliver health promotion and help coordinate healthcare for aboriginal patients
- can advocate on behalf of their patients
Deadly choices is a preventative health program that aims to empower indigenous people to make healthy choices for themselves and their families.
- provides health checks and good quick tukka
Aboriginal health service tasmania provides culturally appropriate healthcare to aboriginal people across tasmania
provides
- counselling
- diabetes specialist
- age care program
- youth and family support
- alcohol and drugs advice
public health system
- basic level healthcare
- waiting lists
- no choice of where to go or what doctor you get
private health
- more expensive
- can chose which hospital and doctors
- private health insurance
