Unit 3: Biochemistry

Question 1

Molecule

Answer 1

2 or more elements bonded together.

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

2 or more different elements bonded together.

Question 3

Ionic Compound

Answer 3

Inside bond between a positive ion and negative ion, Ex: Metal & Non-Metal. The neutral charge is a solid, and ions separate when placed in water.

Question 4

Non-polar Covalent Compound

Answer 4

Inside bond between nonmetal atoms. The neutral charge is a substance.

Question 5

Polar Covalent Compound

Answer 5

Inside bond between nonmetal atoms. Ex: Water, as oxygen has a partial negative charge and hydrogen has a partial positive charge. The partial charge is a substance.

Question 6

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 6

Connection between two molecules; one of which has hydrogen in it. Ex: the negative charge of the oxygen in water is attracted to the positive charge of a second water.

Question 7

Hydrophilic

Answer 7

Has an affinity for water - the opposite of hydrophobic. Ex: Polar or charged substances - Food Dye

Question 8

Hydrophobic

Answer 8

Has no affinity to water - the opposite of hydrophilic. Ex: Nonpolar substances - Oil

Question 9

Acid

Answer 9

Donates hydrogen ions to a solution thus increasing the overall hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 10

Base

Answer 10

Reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Question 11

pH

Answer 11

Measures the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution. Acids lower the pH, while bases raise the pH.

Question 12

Buffers

Answer 12

Minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution.

Question 13

Solute

Answer 13

Substance being dissolved.

Question 14

Solvent

Answer 14

Substance does the dissolving. Ex: Water is a universal solvent.

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

Solute dissolved in the solvent. Ex: Like substances dissolve like substances. Water dissolves Salt.

Question 16

Surface Tension

Answer 16

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

Question 17

Capillary Action (adhesion/cohesion)

Answer 17

The clinging of one substance to another.

Question 18

High Specific Heat

Answer 18

How much heat it takes to change temperature of the substance.

Question 19

High Heat of Vaporization

Answer 19

Lots of heat used to break bonds, lots of heat to become gas.

Question 20

Density (ice floating)

Answer 20

Molecules move too slow & break down hydrogen. This causes less density.

Question 21

Universal Solvent

Answer 21

Versatile solvent, the polarity of the molecule.

Question 22

Hydrocarbon

Answer 22

An organic molecule consisting of only carbon & hydrogen.

Question 23

Polymer

Answer 23

A long molecule consisting of many similar/same monomers linked by covalent bonds.

Question 24

Monomer

Answer 24

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.

Question 25

Dehydration Reaction

Answer 25

The process monomers go through to build polymers.

Question 26

Hydrolysis

Answer 26

When cells take polymers and break them into monomers.

Question 27

Monosaccharide vs. Disaccharide

Answer 27

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates, while Disaccharides are the polymers of carbohydrates.

Question 28

Starch, Cellulose & Glycogen

Answer 28

All glucose storage polysaccharides found in plants.

Question 29

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Answer 29

Saturated has only one bond between molecules, while Unsaturated has one or more bonds between molecules.

Question 30

Phospholipid

Answer 30

Lipid made of glyceride, joined to two fatty acids & a phosphate group.

Question 31

Glycosidic Linkage vs. Peptide Bond

Answer 31

Glycosidic linkages are between two monosaccharides, while Peptide bonds are between two amino acids.

Question 32

Are hydrocarbons hydrophobic or hydrpohilic?

Answer 32

Hydrophobic, as they are nonpolar due to their equal share of electrons in carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Question 33

What is a peptide?

Answer 33

A monomer of proteins.

Question 34

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 34

A polymer of proteins.

Question 35

What is a Nucleotide?

Answer 35

A monomer of Nucleic Acids.

Question 36

What is the main way that we recognize lipid molecules?

Answer 36

They mix poorly, if at all, with water.

Question 37

How does the structure of a triglyceride relate to its function?

Answer 37

It has multiple fatty acid units connected by ester linkage.

Question 38

What is the purpose of the Primary level of protein?

Answer 38

To assign the amino acids that act as a foundation for the rest of the structure.

Question 39

What is the purpose of the Secondary level of protein?

Answer 39

To Prepare for the 3d-folding of the Tertiary structure.

Question 40

What is the purpose of the Tertiary level of protein?

Answer 40

To give the protein structure a specific shape.

Question 41

What is the purpose of the Quaternary level of protein?

Answer 41

Allows protein to have multiple functions.

Question 42

Adhesion

Answer 42

The ability of water to stick to other substances.

Question 43

Cohesion

Answer 43

The ability of water molecules to stick to themselves.