Unit 3: Biodiversity Overview

Question 1

What are some characteristics of the domain Prokarya?

Answer 1

• Mostly microbial and are all virtually unicellular
• Have a cell membrane and cell wall, but lack true organelles and nucleus
• Smaller than eukaryotes but more abundant
• Some are decomposers
• Bacteria are pathogenic but archaea are not

Question 2

What are some prokaryotic features?

Answer 2

• Different shapes
• Can only move forward/backward
• Have some specialized membranes
• Have a ring of DNA

Question 3

Describe prokaryotic reproduction and adaptations.

Answer 3

• Most divide every 1-3 hours
• New generations can be produced in 20 mins
• Some form endospores when exposed to harsh environments
• Can adapt quickly to environment via natural selection

Question 4

Describe characteristics of protists.

Answer 4

• Unicellular
• Larger than bacteria
• Have organelles
• Most diverse of all eukaryotes
• Can reproduce sexually or asexually

Question 5

The Theory of Endosymbiosis states that a(n) ____ organism engulfed other cells and these cells became _______.

Answer 5

Unicellular
Organelles

Question 6

State what the two forms of protist feeding are and what they do.

Answer 6

1. Ingestive: eating live or dead organisms or scavenging loose bits of organic debris by sweeping/engulfing
2. Absorptive: taking nutrients directly from environment

Question 7

How do protists move?

Answer 7

• Crawl as amoeboid
• Swim with a flagellum
• Swim with cilia

Question 8

Which phyla of animals lack tissues?

Answer 8

Porifera

Question 9

Which phyla of animals are unicellular?

Answer 9

Choanoflagellates

Question 10

Which phyla of animals have radial symmetry?

Answer 10

Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Adult Echinodermata

Question 11

Which phyla of animals have bilateral symmetry?

Answer 11

Acoelomorpha
Rotifera
Platyheminthes
Annelida
Mollusca
Nematoda
Arthropoda
Echinodermata (larval)
Chordata

Question 12

Radial Symmetry

Answer 12

Symmetry around a central axis

Question 13

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 13

Symmetry based on two halves (left and right)

Question 14

Coelom

Answer 14

Main body cavity that surrounds digestive tract and other organs

Question 15

Which phyla of animals have no coelom?

Answer 15

Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Acoelomorpha
Platyhelminths

Question 16

Which phyla of animals have a true coelom?

Answer 16

Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata

Question 17

Prostomes

Answer 17

Organism where the mouth develops before the anus

Question 18

Deuterostomes

Answer 18

Organism where the anus develops before the mouth

Question 19

Which phyla of animals are protostomes?

Answer 19

Acoelomorpha
Rotifera
Platyhelminths
Annelida
Mollusca
Nematoda
Arthropoda

Question 20

Which phyla of animals are deuterostomes?

Answer 20

Echinodermata
Chordata

Question 21

Which phyla of animals have segmentation?

Answer 21

Annelida
Arthropoda
Chordata

Question 22

Xylem

Answer 22

Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to other part of the plant

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Vascular tissue that transports sucrose and amino acids between leaves and other parts of plants

Question 24

Which phyla of plants are nonvascular?

Answer 24

Bryophytes (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses)

Question 25

Which phyla of plants are seedless and vascular?

Answer 25

Pteridophytes (lycophytes, whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns)

Question 26

Which phyla of plants have seeds and are vascular?

Answer 26

Gymnosperms (cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers)

Question 27

Which phyla of plants are flowering, have seeds, and are vascular?

Answer 27

Angiosperms

Question 28

What is a mycelium made up of?

Answer 28

Hyphae

Question 29

Chitin

Answer 29

Molecule that makes up hyphae cell walls

Question 30

What is the most primitive ancestor of fungi?

Answer 30

Chytrids

Question 31

Which phylum of fungi is common in freshwater environments?

Answer 31

Chytridiomycota

Question 32

Which phylum of fungi live in the guts of herbivores to help them digest food?

Answer 32

Chytrids

Question 33

Which phylum of fungi are important decomposers of plant tissue due to having enzymes that digest cellulose?

Answer 33

Chytridiomycota

Question 34

Which phylum of fungi can produce and hold spores in zoospore?

Answer 34

Chytridiomycota

Question 35

Which phylum of fungi are soil dwellers?

Answer 35

Zygomycota

Question 36

Which phylum of fungi causes bread mold and fruit to rot?

Answer 36

Zygomycota

Question 37

Which phylum of fungi form zygospores that are resistant to harsh conditions?

Answer 37

Zygomycota

Question 38

Which phyla of fungi can form mycorrhizal associations?

Answer 38

Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota

Question 39

Which phylum of fungi can be decomposers, parasites, and mutualistic?

Answer 39

Zygomycota

Question 40

Which phylum of fungi form 90% mycorrhizal associations with plants?

Answer 40

Glomeromycota

Question 41

Which phylum of fungi are sac fungi?

Answer 41

Ascomycota

Question 42

Which phylum of fungi live in diverse habitats?

Answer 42

Ascomycota

Question 43

Which phylum of fungi do 70% of all fungi belong to?

Answer 43

Ascomycota

Question 44

Which phylum of fungi includes yeast, truffles, morels, and Penncillium?

Answer 44

Ascomycota

Question 45

Which phyla of fungi can form lichens?

Answer 45

Ascomycota Basidiomycota

Question 46

Which phylum of fungi can cause disease?

Answer 46

Ascomycota

Question 47

Which phylum of fungi includes the typical mushroom?

Answer 47

Basidiomycota

Question 48

Which phylum of fungi are associated with rust?

Answer 48

Basidiomycota

Question 49

Which phylum of fungi contain basidia?

Answer 49

Basidiomycota

Question 50

Which phylum of fungi can form mutualistic relationship between fungi and insects?

Answer 50

Basidiomycota

Question 51

Haustoria

Answer 51

Projections into cell wall from specialized hyphae