Unit 3 Biological Bases of Behavior

Question 1

Released by motor neurons. Stimulates muscle contraction; involved in attention memory learning and intellectual functioning.
Effects of deficit: Alzheimer’s
Effects of surplus: Severe muscle spasms

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

Pleasurable sensations involved in voluntary movement attention, and learning
Effects of Deficit: Parkinson
Effects of Surplus: Schizophrenia and drug addiction

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

Moods and emotional states, hunger regulation of sleep and wakefulness (arousal)
Effects of Deficit: Depression, Mood disorders
Effects of surplus: Autism

Answer 3

Serotonin

Question 4

Used for arousal in the fight-flight response, modulation of Mood plays a role in learning and memory retrieval
Effects of Deficit: Mental disorders, especially depression
Effects of surplus: Anxiety

Answer 4

Norepinephrine

Question 5

helps to offset excitatory messages and regulate daily sleep-wake cycles
Effects of Deficit: Anxiety, seizures, tremors, and insomnia
Effects of Surplus: sleep and eating disorder

Answer 5

GABA

Question 6

Involved in pain perception and positive emotions. Similar to the opiate family of drugs
Effects of Deficit: The body experiences pain
Effects of Surplus: Body may not give adequate warning about pain, artificial highs

Answer 6

Endorphins

Question 7

Used in memory, learning, and movement, helps messages cross the synapse more efficiently
Effects of Surplus: Too much glutamate (Too little GABA) epileptic seizures

Answer 7

Glutamate

Question 8

Controls functions of the body by gathering sensory info

Answer 8

Nervous System

Question 9

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

Answer 9

Central nervous system

Question 10

system of nerves that link to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 10

Peripheral nervous systems

Question 11

Controls automatic (involuntary) functions: Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

Answer 11

Medulla

Question 12

Part of the brainstem hearing, taste, sleep cycle, wakefulness

Answer 12

pons

Question 13

Motor control, movement, balance

Answer 13

cerebellum

Question 14

relays sensory information

Answer 14

thalamus

Question 15

Limbic systemAmygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus

Answer 15

Limbic

Question 16

Controls autonomic systems (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

Formation of long-term memories

Answer 17

Hippocampus

Question 18

center of emotions and motivations

Answer 18

Amygdala

Question 19

The largest part of the brain: 2 parts (Left and right hemispheres

Answer 19

cerebrum

Question 20

Outer layers of both hemispheres
4 lobes- parietal, occipital, Frontal, Temporal
Higher order processes: Judgment, thinking, planning, language

Answer 20

Cerebral cortex

Question 21

Connecting the neurons between brain hemispheres

Answer 21

Corpus Callosum

Question 22

Primarily responsible for visual processing

Answer 22

Occipital Lobe

Question 23

Somatosensory Cortex (Touch Sensations)

Answer 23

Parietal Lobe

Question 24

Auditory Center; smell processing

Answer 24

Temporal Lobe

Question 25

Language interpretation and sentence formation (left)

Answer 25

Wernicke's area

Question 26

Primary motor cortex: voluntary muscle activity

Answer 26

Frontal Lobe

Question 27

speech production/formation

Answer 27

Broca's area

Question 28

all nerves not encased in bone

Answer 28

Peripheral Nervous system

Question 29

voluntary movements (throwing, walking, etc.)

Answer 29

Somatic

Question 30

Involuntary movements, such as breathing, reflexes, organs working, digestion, sexual arousal

Answer 30

Autonomic

Question 31

arousal system of our body: stimulates the brain and body of our body: stimulates the brain and body Fight or flight accelerates heart rate, and breathing, dilates pupils, slows down digestion

Answer 31

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 32

Calms the brain and the body Relax and recover following excitement Heart rate and breathing slow down, and pupils constrict, and digestion speeds back up

Answer 32

Parasympathetic Nervous system

Question 33

Chemical system made up of glands that secrete hormones into our bloodstream

Answer 33

Endocrine system

Question 34

Hormones that stimulate other glands

Answer 34

Pituitary Gland

Question 35

Produces melatonin; regulates circadian rhythms (our internal clock, 24-hour mode)

Answer 35

Pineal gland

Question 36

Metabolism, growth/development

Answer 36

thyroid gland

Question 37

regulates the amount of calcium in the bloodstream

Answer 37

parathyroid Hormone

Question 38

Controls fight-flight response

Answer 38

adrenal gland

Question 39

produces insulin (digestion) and glucagon regulates blood sugar levels

Answer 39

pancreas

Question 40

Reproductive organs in the male and female promotes growth

Answer 40

testis and ovaries

Question 41

mimic or copycat

Answer 41

Agonist

Question 42

Blocks the neurotransmitter

Answer 42

Antagonist

Question 43

stops the neurotransmitter from being absorbed

Answer 43

reuptake inhibitor

Question 44

Wating to be fired

Answer 44

neurons resting

Question 45

neurons action

Answer 45

have been fired and are working

Question 46

All or none

Answer 46

has been fired completely or not at all

Question 47

uses x-ray to produce two-dimensional images of organs, bones, and tissues

Answer 47

computed tomography (CT scan)

Question 48

uses computer-generated radio waves and a powerful magnetic field to produce detailed images of body tissues

Answer 48

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 49

scans provide two and three-dimensional pictures of brain activity by measuring radioactive isotopes that are injected into the bloodstream.

Answer 49

Positron emission tomography

Question 50

involves the removal and examination of a small piece of tissue from the body

Answer 50

Biopsy

Question 51

monitors the brain's electrical activity through the skull

Answer 51

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 52

excites the nerve cell and makes it able to receive critical information

Answer 52

Excitatory

Question 53

an agent that slows down or interferes with a chemical action

Answer 53

inhibitor