Unit 3 - Body Systems

Question 1

what are the 11 body systems?

Answer 1

digestive
respiratory
circulatory
reproductive
muscular
skeletal
endocrine
excretory
immune
nervous
lymphatic
integumentary

Question 2

what are the 4 different types of tissues, examples included

Answer 2

connective - bone, cartiledge, tendon, ligament, blood, fat
epithelial - skin, lining of digestive tract, glands
muscle - skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, heart
nervous - brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 3

what is the average body temp

Answer 3

37 degrees

Question 4

what are the different digestive system organs in order?

Answer 4

oral cavity
epiglottis
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
(accessory)
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
salivary gland

Question 5

what is chewed food called

Answer 5

bolus

Question 6

what is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 6

prevents food from entering the trachea to stop choking

Question 7

what is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 7

carries food from mouth to stomach, movement regulated by peristalisis (smooth muscle contraction)

Question 8

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 8

food storage, chemical + mechanical digestion, mucus secretion protection from hydrochloric acid

Question 9

what is food called once it passes out of the stomach?

Answer 9

chyme

Question 10

what is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 10

nutrient absorption into blood, transport

Question 11

what is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 11

water absorption

Question 12

what is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 12

release secretion into small itnestine, produces hormones, aid chem digestion, neutralizes stomach acids, controls blood sugar

Question 13

what is the function of the liver?

Answer 13

produces bile for breakdown of fats

Question 14

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 14

sores bile for liver

Question 15

what are the macromolecules

Answer 15

fats (lipids)
proteins
carbs
nucleic acids

Question 16

what are the monomers

Answer 16

fatty acids
amino acids
sugars

Question 17

what do cells use monomers for

Answer 17

building blocks for polymers, energy

Question 18

which hormones help the pancreas regulate glucose

Answer 18

insulin and glucagon

Question 19

insulin is released when glucose levels are ______?

Answer 19

high

Question 20

glucagon is released when glucose levels are ______?

Answer 20

low

Question 21

which organs primarily digest proteins?

Answer 21

stomach and small intestine

Question 22

which organs primarily digest carbs?

Answer 22

small inestine

Question 23

which organs primarily digest fats?

Answer 23

liver and pancreas

Question 24

how long does digestion take in each organ

Answer 24

mouth - 5-30 seconds
esophagus - 4-6 seconds
stomach 1-4 hours
small intestine - 2-6 hours
large intestine - 18 hours - 2 days

Question 25

what are the different respiratory system organs in order?

Answer 25

upper respiratory tract: nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, trachea, larynx lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs

Question 26

how many lobes do each lung have

Answer 26

left lung - 2 right lung - 3

Question 27

what is the area above the diaphragm called?

Answer 27

thoracic cavity

Question 28

what is the area below the diaphragm called?

Answer 28

abdominal cavity

Question 29

what is the pathway of oxygen through the respiratory system?

Answer 29

through the nose or mouth, then pharynx, then epiglottis, then larynx, then to the trachea (windpipe), then to the bronchi, then bronchioles, and then to the alveoli. oxygen is absorbed from the alveoli into the capillaries, and co2 moves into the alveoli to be sent back the same way

Question 30

connect all 3 units by the respiratory system and how they get oxygen

Answer 30

thr respiratory system is important in all units for different reasons. For unit 1, it goes over how respiration is necessary for every life form. You learn about the different types of respiration; photosynthesis and cellular respiration. In unit 2, the evolution of life is discussed and how we classify living things based on their biological characteristics. The system of classification shows that as animals get progressively more complex, their systems become more intricate. this applies to respiration because as the phylums progress the more complex the respiratory system becomes. In unit 3, respiration within the human body is further broken down and looked into. We follow the path of oxygen throughout the body and how the gas exchange occurs.

Question 31

what is the order of the circulatory system?

Answer 31

vena cavas -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta

Question 32

what is the function of blood

Answer 32

transport of glucose, gasses, and hormones

Question 33

what are the 4 components of blood

Answer 33

RBC, WBC, plasma, platelets

Question 34

what is the shape of the rbc and how does it benefit its purpose

Answer 34

it is shaped like a flat disc, and since it has the absence of a nucleus it is able to change shape and move throughout your body. its shape also allows a high SA/V ratio to facilitate diffusion of gasses

Question 35

how can veins be described

Answer 35

blood to heart, thinner walls, valves

Question 36

how can arteries be described

Question 37

how can capillaries be described