Unit 3- Cellular Energetics

Question 1

What are the 2 main categories of respiration?

Answer 1

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 2

What is the second step in aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Krebs cycle

Question 3

What is the whole aerobic process?

Answer 3

glycolysis –> Krebs cycle –> oxidative phosphorylation –> 36 ATP per glucose molecules

Question 4

Anaerobic respiration is also known as…

Answer 4

fermentation

Question 5

List the anerobic respiration process

Answer 5

glycolysis –> regenerate NAD^+ –> 2 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 6

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 7

1 glucose molecule –> 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 8

What is nececary in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

NAD^+

Question 9

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 9

mitochondria

Question 10

List the products from the Krebs cycle

Answer 10

conversion of 1 pyruvate into 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, H2O, CO2

Question 11

How many times does the Krebs cycle occur for each glucose?

Answer 11

TWICE

Question 12

Oxidative phosphorylation produces large amounts of _____ from ________ and __________.

Answer 12

ATP, NADH, FADH2

Question 13

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the ________________ and requries ______ to continue

Answer 13

mitochondria, oxygen

Question 14

_________ and _________ pass their electrons down the electron transport chain to produce _____

Answer 14

NADH, FADH2, ATP

Question 15

Each NADH can produce up to _____ ATP

Answer 15

3

Question 16

Each FADH can produce up to ____ ATP

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What is the final acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Answer 17

1/2 O2

Question 18

True or false: movement of electrons down the ETC leads to movement of H+ in the matrix

Answer 18

FALSE, H+ ions move OUT of the matrix

Question 19

Oxidative phosphorylation regenerates NAD+ so that ________ and ________ ________ can continue

Answer 19

glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

Question 20

True or false: Chemiosmosis occurs in only cell respiration

Answer 20

FALSE, also photosynthesis

Question 21

The coupling of the movement of electrons down the ETC with the formation of ATP using the driving force provided by the proton gradient is also known as…

Answer 21

chemiosmosis

Question 22

The enzyme that is responsible for using protons to produce ATP from ADP is…

Answer 22

ATP synthase

Question 23

Fermentation is the process that regenerates what?

Answer 23

NAD+, so that glycolysis can begin again

Question 24

When does fermentation occur?

Answer 24

During he absence of oxygen

Question 25

Fermantation begins with _________ (2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, and 2 NADH are produced from 1 glucose molecule).

Answer 25

glycolysis

Question 26

Due to the lack of oxygen, the oxygen can not accept the electron energy on the chain, there is a shortage of _______ which prevents glycolysis from happening

Answer 26

NAD+

Question 27

Occurs in fungi, yeast, and bacteria

Answer 27

Alcohol fermenation, causes conversion of pyruvate to ethanol

Question 28

Causes conversion of pyruvate to lactate is what type of fermentation?

Answer 28

Lactic acid fermentation; occurs in human and animal muscle cells, oxygen runs low in muscle cells

Question 29

Reactants in photosynthesis

Answer 29

H2O + CO2 + light

Question 30

Products of photosynthesis

Answer 30

O2 + glucose + H2O

Question 31

Photosynthesis uses energy from _______ to generate ________

Answer 31

light, sugar

Question 32

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 32

chloroplasts

Question 33

Where do light reactions occur?

Answer 33

Thylakoid

Question 34

Where does the calvin cycle occur?

Answer 34

stroma of chloroplast

Question 35

Self- nourishing organism that is also known as a producer(plants) is known as...

Answer 35

an autotroph

Question 36

Organisms that must consume other organisms are known as...

Answer 36

heterotrophs

Question 37

The loss of water via evaporation through the stomata is what process?

Answer 37

Transpiration

Question 38

ATP is made during _______ reactions during photophosphorylation.

Answer 38

light

Question 39

Process where water is split into hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms( light reactions)

Answer 39

photolysis

Question 40

Where does CO2 enter the plant?

Answer 40

stomata, water vapor and oxygen also leave

Question 41

A __________ is a molecule that aborbs light from a certain wavelength

Answer 41

pigment

Question 42

Effectivness of an enzyme is determined by what 3 things?

Answer 42

1. the temp 2. pH 3. concetation of substrate + enzyme

Question 43

During competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the _________ ___________, leaving the __________ from attacthing

Answer 43

active site, substrate

Question 44

An inhibitor molecules binds to a DIFFERENT part of an enzyme, causing chnage of shape of the active site, no longer interacts with substrate

Answer 44

noncompetitive inhibition

Question 45

Movement of energy comes from the ____________ of _____________ and ___________ reactions

Answer 45

coupling, endergonic, exergonic

Question 46

Reactions where energy is absorbed, G>0

Answer 46

endergonic reactions

Question 47

Reactions where energy is relased, G<0

Answer 47

exergonic reactions

Question 48

Constant change of energy is controlled through ___________ pathways

Answer 48

metabolic ( series of reactions to produce/change a molecule)

Question 49

What reactant goes into the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 49

acetyl CoA

Question 50

The Calvin Cycle produces simple ________ from _________ __________

Answer 50

sugars, carbon dioxide

Question 51

Catabolism

Answer 51

break down

Question 52

Anabolism

Answer 52

to build

Question 53

What are the producs of light reactions of photosynthesis that are used in the calvin cycle?

Answer 53

ATP and NADPH

Question 54

True or False: Enzymes incease the rate of reactions by increasing the activation barrier

Answer 54

FALSE, lowering activaton barrier