Unit 3: Chapter 6 - Acids and Bases

Question 1

Empirical Properties of Strong Bases

Answer 1

Very high pH&raquo_space;7
High conductivity
Fast reaction rate

Question 2

Empirical Properties of Weak Bases

Answer 2

Medium to high pH >7
Low conductivity (only if molecular)
Slow reaction rate

Question 3

Modified Arrhenius Theory: Strong Acids

Answer 3

Completely react with water to form aqueous H3O+ ions (100%)

Question 4

Modified Arrhenius Theory: Weak Acids

Answer 4

Partially react with water to form H3O+ ions (50%)

Question 5

Modified Arrhenius Theory: Strong Bases

Answer 5

Completely dissociate to form OH- ions (100%)

Question 6

Modified Arrhenius Theory: Weak Bases

Answer 6

Partially react with water to form OH- ions (50%)

Question 7

Define: Monoprotic Acids

Answer 7

Acid with only one hydrogen atom and only react once to produce H3O+ ions

Question 8

Define: Polyprotic Acids

Answer 8

Acids that contain more than one acidic hydrogen and react more than once with water to form H3O+ ions

Question 9

Exemption to Polyprotic Acid Rule

Answer 9

Sulfuric Acid - Because the first reaction with water is essentially complete and the second is 50%

Question 10

Modified Arrhenius Theory: Acids

Answer 10

Substance that react with water to produce hydronium ions

Question 11

Modified Arrhenius Theory: Bases

Answer 11

Substance that react with water to produce hydroxide ions

Question 12

Modified Arrhenius Theory: Neutralization

Answer 12

The reaction between hydronium and hydroxide to produce water

Question 13

What’s the relationship between the pH and pOH and the ion concentration?

Answer 13

Inverse relationship

The higher hydronium ion concentration , the lower the pH

Question 14

pH and pOH sig dig rule

Answer 14

Digits following the decimal point = sig digs

Question 15

Hydronium concentration for neutral solution at SATP

Answer 15

1x10 -7 mol/L

Question 16

Hydronium concentration for acidic solution

Answer 16

> 1x10 -7 mol/L

Question 17

Arrhenius’ Theory: Acids

Answer 17

Acids ionize with water to produce a hydrogen ion and an anion

Question 18

Arrhenius’ Theory: Bases

Answer 18

Bases are soluble ionic compounds that dissociate into a cation and a hydroxide ion

Question 19

pH Formulas

Answer 19

pH = -log [H3O+(aq)]

[H3O+(aq)] = 10 -pH

Question 20

pOH Formulas

Answer 20

pOH = -log [OH- (aq)]

[OH- (aq)] = 10 - pOH

Question 21

What’s an acid-base indicator?

Answer 21

Substances that change colour when the acidity of the solution changes

Question 22

Lower pH form of Indicator

Answer 22

HIn (aq)

Question 23

High pH form of Indicator

Answer 23

In- (aq)

Question 24

Empirical Properties of Weak Acids

Answer 24

Medium to low pH

Question 24

Empirical Properties of Acids In General

Answer 24

Taste sour Turn blue litmus red Have pH

Question 24

Empirical Properties of Bases in General

Answer 24

``` Taste bitter Feel slippery Turn red litmus blue Have pH >7 Neutralize acids ```

Question 24

General Polyprotic Acid and Base Rule

Answer 24

Polyprotic bases and acids are weak, as each reaction with water causes their strength to decrease with each successive step

Question 24

Define: Amphiprotic

Answer 24

A substance that can become either an acid or a base (usually containing a negatively charged ion starting with H)