Unit 3 Chapter 9

Question 1

abrasions

Answer 1

a superficial scraping of the epidermis

Question 2

anaphylactic

Answer 2

hypersensitive state of the body to a foreign protein or drug

Question 3

automated external defibrillator (AED)

Answer 3

portable, self-contained, automatic device with voice instructions on use for individuals in cardiac arrest. It is used externally to electronically “shock” the myocardium into contracting again. same as cardioversion

Question 4

avulsion

Answer 4

an open wound in which the skin is torn off and bleeding is profuse

Question 5

bandage

Answer 5

non-sterile gauze or another material applied over a sterile dressing to protect and immobilize

Question 6

cardiogenic

Answer 6

a type of shock in which the cardiac muscle is unable to contract and adequately provide blood to the body

Question 7

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Answer 7

combination of recue breathing and chest compressions performed by a trained individual on a patient experiencing cardiac arrest

Question 8

cardioversion

Answer 8

conversion of a pathological cardiac rhythm (arrhythmia), such as ventricular fibrillation, to normal sinus rhythm

Question 9

cauterized

Answer 9

to destroy tissue through application of a caustic agent, a hot instrument, an electric current, or other agent

Question 10

constriction band

Answer 10

term used to replace tourniquet (no longer used) in emergencies. a band of material used to control severe bleeding in an extremity that has been injured due to trauma.

Question 11

crash tray or cart

Answer 11

tray or portable cart that contains medications and supplies needed for emergency and first aid procedures

Question 12

crepitation

Answer 12

grating sound heard on movement of ends of a broken bone

Question 13

dislocation

Answer 13

displacement of a bone or joint from its normal position

Question 14

dressing

Answer 14

sterile gauze or material applied directly to a wound to absorb secretions and to protect

Question 15

emergency medical services (EMS)

Answer 15

a local network of police, fire, and medical personnel trained to respond to emergency situations. in many communities the system is activated by calling 911

Question 16

explicit

Answer 16

fully revealed or expressed without ambiguity or vagueness, leaving no question as to intent

Question 17

first aid

Answer 17

immediate (or first) care provided to persons who are suddenly ill or injured; first aid is typically followed by more comprehensive care and treatment

Question 18

fracture

Answer 18

break in a bone. There are several types of fractures, but all are classified as either open or closed fractures

Question 19

hypothermia

Answer 19

extremely dangerous cold-related condition that can result in death if the individual does not receive care and if the progression of hypothermia is not reversed. Symptoms include shivering, cold skin, and confusion

Question 20

hypovolemic

Answer 20

a type of shock in which the body has lost blood or fluid volumen to such an extent that there is not enough circulating volumen to fill the ventricles. the heart attempts to compensate in increasing the heart rate

Question 21

implicit

Answer 21

capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed; implied

Question 22

lackluster

Answer 22

dull; lacking in sheen

Question 23

myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 23

a heart attack; usually caused by a blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries

Question 24

neurogenic

Answer 24

a type of shock in which there is injury or trauma to the nervous system causing the loss of tone in the vessels resulting in massive dilation of arterioles and venuoles. this results in a dramatic drop in blood pressure

Question 25

normal saline

Answer 25

a solution of sodium chloride (salt) and distilled water. It has the same osmotic pressure as blood serum. It is also known as isotonic or physiologic saline

Question 26

occlusion

Answer 26

closure of a passage

Question 27

rescue breathing

Answer 27

performed on individuals in respiratory arrest, rescue breathing is a mouth-to-mouth (using appropriate protective equipment) or mount-to-nose procedure that provides oxygen to the patient until emergency personnel arrive

Question 28

septic

Answer 28

overwhelming infection that usually occurs in critically ill patients. the vasodilation and decreased ability of the cells and tissue to utilize oxygen is the basis for this type of shock

Question 29

shock

Answer 29

potentially serious condition in which the circulatory system is not providing enough blood to all parts of the body, causing the body's organs to fail to function properly

Question 30

splint

Answer 30

any device used to immobilize a body part. often used by EMS personnel

Question 31

sprain

Answer 31

injury to a joint, often an ankle, knee, or wrist that involves tearing of the ligaments. most sprains are minor and heal quickly; others are more severe, including swelling, and may not heal properly if the patient continues to put stress on the sprained joint

Question 32

Standard Precautions

Answer 32

precautions developed in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that augment universal precautions and body substance isolation practices. they provide a wider range of protection and are used any time there is contact with blood, moist body fluid (except perspiration), mucus membranes, or no-intact skin. they are designed to protect all health care providers, patients, and visitors

Question 33

strain

Answer 33

injury to the soft tissue between joints that involves the tearing of muscles or tendons. strains often occur in the neck, back, or thigh muscles

Question 34

syncope

Answer 34

fainting

Question 35

triage

Answer 35

screening to determine which patient is treated first when two or more patients present with emergencies simultaneously

Question 36

universal emergency medical identification symbol

Answer 36

identification sometimes carried by individuals to identify health problems they may have

Question 37

vasovagal syncope

Answer 37

sudden faint due to hypotension induced by response of the autonomic nervous system to abrupt emotional stress, pain, or trauma

Question 38

wound

Answer 38

a break in the continuity of soft parts of body structures caused by violence or trauma to tissues. in an open wound, skin is broken as in a laceration, abrasion, avulsion, or incision. in a closed wound, skin is not broken as in contusion, ecchymosis, or hematoma