UNIT 3-CHEMICAL BONDING🤎 Flashcards
(25 cards)
give three types of chemical bonding and their definitions according to the syllabus, list the six types of bond in order of bond strength from strongest to weakest
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explain ionic bonding using examples of sodium chloride, magnesium oxide and calcium fluoride (use diagrams if necessary)
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define a lattice (not on syllabus, just for understanding)
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describe covalent bonding in the following molecules: H2, O2, N2, Cl2, HCl, CO2, NH3, CH4, C2H6, C2H4
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what is an electron-deficient atom and an atom with an expanded octet? give one example of a compound with an electron-deficient atom and three examples of compounds with an expanded octet
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define a double covalent bond,
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describe dative covalent bonding (definition and 2 requirements), explain dative covalent bonding using examples of an ammonium ion and aluminium chloride (use diagrams)
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explain how sigma and pi bonds are formed with reference to the following examples: H2, C2H6, C2H4, HCN and N2
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use the concept of hybridisation to explain sp, sp2 and sp3 orbitals (must show understanding)
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define the terms bond energy and bond length
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explain how to determine reactivity of covalent molecules from bond energy and bond length
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explain the VSEPR theory giving the orders of repulsion between lone pair-bond pair, bond pair-bond pair and lone pair-lone pair
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state and explain the shapes and bond angles in the following molecules: BF3, CO2, CH4, NH3, H2O, SF6, PF5 (draw diagrams if necessary)
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define electronegativity
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explain how nuclear charge, atomic radius and shielding affect electronegativity
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state and explain the trend of electronegativity across a period and down the groups on a periodic table
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state the three type of bonds present in a molecule based on a certain electronegativity difference (E.N.D)
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use electronegativity to explain bond polarity and dipole moments of molecules
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describe vann der Waals’ forces according to the syllabus
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name and define two kinds of vann der Waal’s forces
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describe what hydrogen bonding is, give conditions necessary for hydrogen bonding to occur (2)
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use drawn examples of molecules to explain the concept of hydrogen bonding, these examples must contain N-H and O-H groups (include ammonia and water)
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use hydrogen bonding to explain this property of water: boiling point and melting point
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use hydrogen bonding to explain this property of water: surface tension and viscosity
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