UNIT 3 - CLASSICAL JAPANESE LITERATURE

Question 1

The roots of Japanese literature can be traced back to the 8th century, with the compilation
of two foundational texts: .

Answer 1

the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan)

Question 2

written in 712 CE, a collection of myths, legends, and genealogies that chronicle the creation of the Japanese archipelago and the divine ancestry
of its emperors.

Answer 2

The Kojiki,

Question 3

completed in 720 CE, provides a more detailed historical account, blending mythology with historical events.

Answer 3

Nihon Shoki

Question 4

holds a revered place in classical Japanese literature

Answer 4

poetry

Question 5

Compiled in the mid-8th century, contains over 4,500 poems written by poets
from various social classes, offering a diverse and comprehensive portrayal of early
Japanese society.

Answer 5

Man’yōshū (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves)

Question 6

The poems are primarily in the _________, characterized by a 5-7-5-7-7
syllable structure, and cover themes ranging from love and nature to politics and war.

Answer 6

tanka form

Question 7

compiled in the early 10th century, marks another milestone in Japanese poetic tradition.

This anthology, commissioned by Emperor Daigo, consists of over 1,100 poems organized into twenty volumes.

showcases the refined waka poetry, emphasizing elegance, subtlety, and emotional depth. It also introduced the practice of including prefaces and critical commentary, setting a precedent for future poetic collections.

Answer 7

Kokin Wakashū (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems)

Question 8

witnessed the blossoming of prose literature, with The Tale of Genji (Genji Monogatari) standing as its crowning achievement.

Answer 8

Heian period (794-1185)

Question 9

often considered the world’s first novel. This
monumental work follows the life and loves of the nobleman Hikaru Genji, providing a
detailed and nuanced portrayal of courtly life.

Answer 9

The Tale of Genji (Genji Monogatari)

Question 10

Through its intricate narrative and richly
developed characters, The Tale of Genji explores themes of:

Answer 10

love
jealousy
impermanence
complexities of human relationships

Question 11

Composed around the same time as The Tale of Genji, this collection of essays, lists, and anecdotes offers a candid and often humorous glimpse into the daily life and
customs of the Heian court.

Answer 11

Pillow Book (Makura no Sōshi) by Sei
Shōnagon

Question 12

saw the emergence of Japanese drama as a prominent literary form, with Noh and Kyogen being the most significant genres.

Answer 12

medieval period (1185-1603)

Question 13

a highly stylized and ceremonial form of theatre, combines poetry, music, and dance to convey deep philosophical and spiritual themes.

Answer 13

Noh

Question 14

short, humorous plays provide comic relief between the solemn Noh performances, often depicting everyday life and satirizing human follies.

Answer 14

Kyogen

Question 15

Noh plays often draw on:

Answer 15

classical literature
historical events
Buddhist teachings

Question 16

produced notable works of reflective prose

Answer 16

Kamakura period (1185-1333)
Muromachi period (1336-1573)

Question 17

written in 1212, is a poignant and introspective account of the author’s retreat from the world and his reflections on impermanence and the transience of life.

Answer 17

Hōjōki (An Account of My Hut) by Kamo
no Chōmei

Question 18

composed in the early 14th century, is a collection of essays and musings on various topics, ranging from the mundane to the profound.

Answer 18

Tsurezuregusa (Essays in Idleness) by Yoshida Kenkō

Question 19

brought about significant developments in Japanese literature, with the rise of haiku poetry and the popularization of Kabuki theatre.

Answer 19

Edo period (1603-1868)

Question 20

a form of short poetry consisting of 17 syllables arranged in a 5-7-5 pattern

Answer 20

haiku

Question 21

haiku gained prominence through the
works of _____________. His masterful haiku capture the essence of nature and fleeting
moments, imbued with a sense of simplicity and deep observation.

Answer 21

Matsuo Bashō

Question 22

a vibrant and theatrical form of drama, emerged as a popular entertainment for the
masses.

Answer 22

kabuki

Question 23

Combining music, dance, and elaborate costumes, Kabuki performances often
depicted historical events, moral dilemmas, and romantic tales:

Answer 23

historical events
moral dilemmas
romantic tales

Question 24

also known as the “Shining Prince,” navigates a complex web of relationships, seeking both romantic and spiritual fulfillment.

Answer 24

Hikaru Genji

Question 25

awareness of the impermanence of things

Answer 25

mono no aware

Question 26

The Tale of Genji's exploration of courtly life is unparalleled, shedding light on the intricate ________________ that defined the Heian period.

Answer 26

etiquette aesthetic pursuits social dynamics

Question 27

The Tale of Genji stands as a testament to the sophistication and depth of classical Japanese literature, offering insights into the delicate balance between

Answer 27

personal desires social obligations

Question 28

Aesthetic sensibilities were paramount, with an emphasis on the:

Answer 28

beauty of nature changing seasons subtleties of human emotions

Question 29

Heian era's aristocracy was deeply engaged in the arts, where ___________________ played pivotal roles in social interaction and romantic courtship.

Answer 29

poetry calligraphy music