Unit 3 DNA & Heredity EJR

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

the basic functional units of an organism

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

a sugar that has five carbon atoms and four oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs (cisternae) that extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom

Question 19

RNA

Answer 19

nucleic acid present in all living cells

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

Question 23

nucleic acid

Answer 23

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

Question 24

nucleotide

Answer 24

A molecule that is the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 26

Peptide bond

Answer 26

an amide type of covalent chemical bond

Question 27

phosphate group

Answer 27

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

biomaterials composed of repeating amino acid units linked by a peptide bond

Question 29

protein synthesis

Answer 29

formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl group at the end of a growing polypeptide chain and a free amino group on an incoming amino acid.

Question 30

ribose

Answer 30

a sugar that is naturally produced by the body from food

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 32

mRNA

Answer 32

a molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that directs the cells to make a protein using its natural machinery

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

the first codon of a messenger RNA transcript translated by a ribosome

Question 35

stop codon

Answer 35

a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 36

thymine

Answer 36

a pyrimidine base C5H6N2O2 that is one of the four bases coding genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA

Question 37

transcription

Answer 37

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

Question 40

uracil

Answer 40

one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid RNA.

Question 41

vesicle

Answer 41

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.