Unit 4 list 1 Evolution EJR

Question 1

amino acid

Answer 1

Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

the science that studies the structure of the body

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

the amino acid sequence of proteins

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

diagrams which depict the relationships between different groups of taxa called “clades”

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

made up of all the fossils that have been found, along with their relative ages

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

refers to the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

beds or strata

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

modification of an organism or its parts that makes it more fit for existence under the conditions of its environment

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

the way in which someone conducts oneself or behaves

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

one's ability to execute daily activities with optimal performance, endurance, and strength with the management of disease, fatigue, and stress and reduced sedentary behavior

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Question 28

genetic variation

Answer 28

a term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

Question 29

geographic isolation

Answer 29

a term used to describe the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

a term used to describe the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Question 31

natural selection

Answer 31

the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

Question 32

phenotypic expression

Answer 32

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes.

Question 33

physiology

Answer 33

the science of life

Question 34

population

Answer 34

the number of people in a single area

Question 35

reproductive isolation

Answer 35

a quantitative measure of the effect of genetic differences on gene flow

Question 36

sexual selection

Answer 36

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities

Question 37

speciation

Answer 37

occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics

Question 38

species

Answer 38

a group of organisms that can reproduce naturally with one another and create fertile offspring

Question 39

Trait

Answer 39

specific characteristic of an individual

Question 40

Coevolution

Answer 40

the process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between pairs of species or among groups of species as they interact with one another

Question 41

Convergent evolution

Answer 41

occurs when organisms that aren't closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems.

Question 42

Divergent evolution

Answer 42

Divergent evolution represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct

Question 43

Founder effect

Answer 43

occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population.

Question 44

Gene flow

Answer 44

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

Question 45

Gene frequency

Answer 45

the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage

Question 46

Gene pool

Answer 46

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Question 47

Genetic drift

Answer 47

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.