Unit 3: Industrialization, Nationalism & Imperialism (1800–1914) Flashcards
Industrial and nationalist developments in Europe reshaped the world economically, socially, and politically—including through imperialism. (27 cards)
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Impact of Industrialization
What were the positive and negative effects of industrialization on workers and cities?
- Cities grew and living conditions stayed poor, with children being used for labor
- More goods, jobs, tech advancements
- Poor working conditions, child labour, overcrowed citites
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Impact of Industrialization
How did industrialization affect women, children, and the working class?
The era witnessed the rise of organized feminism, with women campaigning for property rights and suffrage, though legal rights for women remained limited
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Impact of Industrialization
What were some problems related to urbanization (e.g., overcrowding, sanitation)?
Unsafe health conditions/ poor sanitization = low mortality rate
spread of diseases
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Impact of Industrialization
How did people respond to poor conditions (e.g., labor unions, strikes)?
Formation of labour unions, strikes and early reform movements
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Significance
What major inventions or systems came out of this period?
Steamboat, Steam Engine, The Spinning Jenny
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Significance
How did it change the economy, society, and world influence?
Improved economy and increased trade, thus increasing world influence
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Significance
How did industrialization change class structure and the economy?
Money went to business owners and factory workers instead of lords
Victorian Era & Industrialization: Significance
How did the Industrial Era contribute to imperialism and global expansion?
Building factories in different countries, the building of trade deals in other countries, through inventions (Spreading the word)
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Britain vs United States
When did each country end the slave trade and slavery?
1833 Act ended most slavery in the British Empire, U.S abolished slavery in 1865
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Britain vs United States
When and how did Britain abolish the slave trade and slavery?
1807 the British ended legal participation in the slave trade
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Britain vs United States
What were the key motivations behind abolition in Britain (religion, economics, activism)?
- The British abolition movement was driven by a complex mix of religious, economic, and activist factors.
While religious and humanitarian concerns initially sparked the movement, economic pressures and the influence of emerging activist groups ultimately played a significant role in its success. - Moral Opposition
- Religious rivals
- Rise of free labour
- Free trade ideals
- Public awareness campaigns
- Abolitionist Organizations
- Enslaved People’s resistance
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Britain vs United States
How did the United States approach abolition differently?
- Combination of legal, political, and social factors, including the complexities of its history, the strength of the abolitionist movement, and the escalating conflict over slavery that ultimately led to the Civil War.
- Unlike some countries that saw gradual emancipation, the US abolition movement was characterized by both gradualism and radical approaches, often involving intense moral arguments and activism.
- Political Activism
- Focus on equality
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Britain vs United States
What role did the Civil War play in ending slavery in the U.S.?
The Emancipation Proclamation and Thirteenth Amendment brought about by the Civil War were important milestones in the long process of ending legal slavery in the United States.
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
What major rebellions, laws, or publications helped end slavery?
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
What were some major slave uprisings or rebellions (e.g., Haiti, Nat Turner)?
Haiti Revolution- a sucessful revolt against the french rulers, re-established the haiti, the first free black man country
Nat turner’s Rebellion- the growth of abolitionist societies increased tensions.
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
What laws and movements helped lead to the end of slavery?
The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 required citizens to assist in the capture of escaped slaves, inflaming Northern opposition. (forced ppl to help in in humane ways they didn’t agree with)
The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) declared freedom for slaves in Confederate states, but did not end slavery nationwide.
The 13th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery throughout the United States.
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Frederick Douglass
What is Frederick Douglass’s background and significance as a writer and speaker?
Escaped slavery, became a leading orator, writer, and advocate for abolition and equal rights.
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Frederick Douglass
What were the main arguments in his autobiography?
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Frederick Douglass
How did he influence U.S. politics and public opinion?
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Mary Prince
What was Mary Prince’s experience as a slave in the Caribbean?
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Mary Prince
Why was her narrative important in Britain?
her narrative exposed the cruelty of slavery and influenced public opinion
(vic) Abolition of Slavery: Mary Prince
How did her story contribute to the abolition movement?
Nationalism
Unification of Italy (Garibaldi, Cavour), Germany (Bismarck), failure of 1848 revolutions
Imperialism
Motivations (economic, political, social Darwinism), Scramble for Africa, Berlin Conference (1884–85)
