Unit 3 Lecture

Question 1

What are the 7 criteria used to name muscles?

Answer 1

Direction of muscle fibers
Relative Size
Location
Number of Origins
Location of Origin and Insertion
Shape
Action

Question 2

What are the individual contractile units of a muscle cell called?

Answer 2

sarcomeres

Question 3

If we stimulate a muscle, and then stimulate it again immediately after it has been allowed to relax, we observe that the second contraction of the muscle is slightly greater than the first. What do we call this phenomenon?

Answer 3

Treppe

Question 4

What type of force is produced by the elastic recoil of a stretched muscle?

Answer 4

Passive

Question 5

The three phases of a muscle twitch are the latent period, relaxation period, and the:

Answer 5

contraction period

Question 6

A single contraction of a muscle is called a:

Answer 6

twitch

Question 7

What neurotransmitter do motor neurons use to stimulate muscle cells?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine

Question 8

From what cellular organelle is calcium released during the latent period of a muscle twitch?

Answer 8

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

If we increase the frequency of stimulation of a muscle until we achieve a steady sustained contraction, we will have caused what phenomenon?

Answer 9

Tetanus
Tetany

Question 10

If we place a muscle under a load that it can lift and stimulate it, what type of contraction will we produce?

Answer 10

Isotonic

Question 11

The three phases of a muscle twitch are the contraction period, the relaxation period, and the:

Answer 11

latent period

Question 12

A neuron and all of the muscle cells that it stimulates are together called a:

Answer 12

motor unit

Question 13

If a muscle contracts against a load that it is able to lift, what type of contraction is the muscle demonstrating?

Answer 13

Isotonic

Question 14

If we require a muscle to contract until it starts to run out of ATP, what do we call the state of the muscle at that point?

Answer 14

Fatigue

Question 15

If a muscle contracts against a load that is too heavy for the muscle to lift, what type of contraction is the muscle demonstrating?

Answer 15

isometric

Question 16

The absence of what molecule is involved in the phenomenon of rigor mortis?

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

What experimental factor do we increase to produce tetany rather than simple wave summation?

Answer 17

Frequency of stimulation

Question 18

By steadily increasing the number of motor units that are activated, we produce a steady increase in the force produced by a muscle. This process is called:

Answer 18

recruitment

Question 19

What phenomenon is considered an extreme form of wave summation in which a steady, sustained contraction is achieved?

Answer 19

Tetanus
Tetany

Question 20

What protein is the thick filament region made of?

Answer 20

Myosin

Question 21

What protein is the thin filament region made of?

Answer 21

Actin

Question 22

If we place a muscle under more load than it can lift and stimulate it, what type of contraction will we produce?

Answer 22

isometric

Question 23

Bundles of protein filaments within a muscle cell are arranged into structures called:

Answer 23

Myofibrils

Question 24

The endoplasmic reticulum of a skeletal muscle cell is called:

Answer 24

Sacroplasmic reticulum

Question 25

The dark segments of the striations of a skeletal muscle cell are called:

Answer 25

A-bands

Question 26

What do we call muscles that aid the action of other muscles by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement?

Answer 26

Synergists

Question 27

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 27

Location of origin and insertion

Question 28

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 28

Location of origin and insertion

Question 29

Although no force is generated by a muscle fiber during the latent period, chemical changes, such as the release of ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum do occur. Which ion is released?

Answer 29

calcium

Question 30

What type of force is produced by the physiological contraction of a muscle rather than by elastic recoil?

Answer 30

active

Question 31

Name one action of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 31

elevation of the scapula

Question 32

Name one action of the tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 32

dorsiflexion of the foot at the tarsal joints

Question 33

Name on action of the gracilis muscle

Answer 33

Adduction of thigh at the hip

Question 34

Name on action of the buccinator muscle

Answer 34

Compresses the cheeks

Question 35

Name on insertion of the rectus absominis muscle

Answer 35

Xiphoid process of the sternum

Question 36

Name one insertion of the semitendinosus muscle

Answer 36

Medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

Question 37

Name one insertion of the platysma muscle

Answer 37

Lower margin of the mandible

Question 38

Name one insertion of the vastuc medialis muscle

Answer 38

Tibial tuberosity

Question 39

Name one origin of the orbicularis oculi muscle

Answer 39

Frontal bone

Question 40

Name one origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

Answer 40

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 41

Name one origin of the zygomaticus minor muscle

Answer 41

Zygomatic bone

Question 42

Name one origin of the brachialis muscle

Answer 42

Distal portion of the anterior humerus

Question 43

A flat, sheet-like bundle of connective tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle or to a bone is called:

Answer 43

aponeurosis

Question 44

Define "origin" as it applies to skeletal muscles

Answer 44

Immovable site of attachement

Question 45

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the adductor magnus muscle

Answer 45

Action and relative size

Question 46

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the deltoid muscle

Answer 46

Shape

Question 47

Name one action of the brachialis muscle

Answer 47

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow

Question 48

Name one action of the triceps brachii muscle

Answer 48

Extension of the forearm at the elbow

Question 49

Name one action of the deltoid muscle

Answer 49

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Question 50

Name one action of the semimembanosus muscle

Answer 50

Extension of the thigh at the hip

Question 51

Name one insertion of the pectoralis major muscle

Answer 51

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 52

Name one insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 52

Medial cuneiform bone

Question 53

Name one insertion of the masseter muscle

Answer 53

Angle and ramus of the mandible

Question 54

Name one origin of the gastrocnemius muscle

Answer 54

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Question 55

Name one origin of the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 55

Pubic crest and symphysis

Question 56

Name one origin of the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 56

supraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 57

Name one origin of the zygomaticus major muscle

Answer 57

Zygomatic bone

Question 58

Name one action of the zygomaticus minor muscle

Answer 58

elevation of the lateral corners of the mouth

Question 59

Name one insertion of the zygomaticus minor muscle

Answer 59

skin and muscle at the corner of the mouth

Question 60

Name one origin of the orbicularis oculi muscle

Answer 60

frontal bone

Question 61

Name on insertion of the triceps brachii muscle

Answer 61

olecranon of ulna

Question 62

Name one origin of the tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 62

lateral condyle of the tibia

Question 63

Name one action of the external oblique muscle

Answer 63

flexion and rotation of vertebral column

Question 64

Name one insertion of the buccinator muscle

Answer 64

orbicularis oris muscle

Question 65

Name one origin of the brachialis muscle

Answer 65

distal portion of the anterior humerus

Question 66

name one action of the deltoid muscle

Answer 66

abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Question 67

name one insertion of the platysma muscle

Answer 67

lower margin of the mandible

Question 68

Name one origin of the vastus medialis muscle

Answer 68

linea aspera of the femur

Question 69

Name one action of the vastus medialis muscle

Answer 69

extension of the lower leg at the knee

Question 70

Name one insertion of the biceps brachii muscle

Answer 70

Radial tuberosity

Question 71

Name one origin of the infraspinatus muscle

Answer 71

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Question 72

Name one insertion of the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 72

greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 73

Name one action of the semitendinosus muscle

Answer 73

Extension of the thigh at the hip

Question 74

Name one insertion of the trapezius muscle

Answer 74

Acromion and spinous process of the scapula

Question 75

Name one origin of the semitendinosus muscle

Answer 75

Ischial tuberosity

Question 76

Name one action of the infraspinatus muscle

Answer 76

Lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder

Question 77

Acetylcholine in the axon terminal of a motor neuron is contained within membrane bound structures called

Answer 77

Synaptic vesicles

Question 78

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the deltoid muscle?

Answer 78

shape

Question 79

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 79

location

Question 80

What do we call the period of time between the application of a stimulus to a muscle and the first observable response or movement of the muscle

Answer 80

latent period

Question 81

skeletala muscles cells are called:

Answer 81

muscle fibers

Question 82

Chains of protein within the muscle cells are called:

Answer 82

myofilaments

Question 83

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 83

location of origin and insertion

Question 84

the connective tissue sheath that forms around an entire skeletal muscle is called:

Answer 84

epimysium

Question 85

A portion of the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle indents into the cytoplasm and surrounds the bundles of muscle filaments. This structure is called:

Answer 85

T-tubule

Question 86

The structure formed by two terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and a transverse tubule is called:

Answer 86

triad

Question 87

What do we call muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a specific movement?

Answer 87

agonists

Question 88

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the extensor digitorum muscle?

Answer 88

action and location