Unit 3 - Lecture 5 Flashcards
1
Q
1
A
ionizing radiation, carcinogens, mutagens
2
Q
2
A
normal cell (p53 is normal)
3
Q
3
A
DNA damage
4
Q
4
A
hypoxia
5
Q
5
A
p53 activated and binds to DNA
6
Q
6
A
transcription dependent and independent effects on targets
7
Q
7
A
p21 (CDK inhibitor)
8
Q
8
A
G1 arrest
9
Q
9
A
GADD45 (DNA repair)
10
Q
10
A
successful repair
11
Q
11
A
normal cells
12
Q
12
A
BAX (apoptosis gene)
13
Q
13
A
repair fails
14
Q
14
A
apoptosis
15
Q
15
A
cell with mutations or loss of p53
16
Q
16
A
DNA damage
17
Q
17
A
p53-dependent genes not activated
18
Q
18
A
no cell cycle arrest
19
Q
19
A
no DNA repair, no senescence
20
Q
20
A
mutant cells
21
Q
21
A
expansion and additional mutations
22
Q
22
A
malignant tumor
23
Q
What are the causes of neoplasia?
A
carcinogens and germ line mutations
24
Q
What are mutagens?
A
something that causes DNA damage
25
Most carcinogens are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, many ______ are carcinogens.
mutagens; mutagens
26
What type of mutations are hereditary?
germ line mutations
27
What are the major tenants of chemical carcinogens?
dose dependent, latency, progeny cells acquire traits, co-carcinogens, proliferation
28
How does radiation lead to carcinogenesis?
it induces mutations
29
What is a complete carcinogen?
something that can initiate and promote tumorigenesis
30
What is an example of a complete carcinogen?
radiation
31
What neoplasia does feline leukemia virus lead to?
leukemias and lymphomas
32
What neoplasia does bovine leukosis virus lead to?
leukemias and lymphomas
33
What neoplasia does primate leukemia and sarcoma viruses lead to?
fibrosarcomas and leukemias
34
What neoplasia does feline immunodeficiency viruses lead to?
lymphomas
35
What are some examples of DNA viral carcinogens?
papillomaviruses, herpesviruses, and hepadnaviruses
36
What is an example of a RNA viral carcinogen?
oncogenic retroviruses
37
Where are lesions usually located that are caused by papilloma virus?
lesions of the skin, GI, genital, and respiratory tracts
38
How might viruses cause tumors?
most add genetic material to the genome, they have transforming sequences, or cause mutations
39
What sequences that retroviruses have?
V-onc which resembles protooncogene
40
How do viruses cause mutation?
overproduction of p-oncogene or altered formation of p-oncogene protein
41
What is a proto-oncogene?
normal cellular genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation
42
What do cellular oncogenes effect?
somatic cell with driver gene mutation, inherited modifier genes effecting carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, and immune responses, and uncontrolled cell proliferation
43
What are grey horses at genetic risk for?
melanoma
44
True or false: neoplasias always increase the functionality of what they grow on.
False: not all functionality is increased
45
What does bracken fern lead to in cattle that have interacted with papillomavirus?
bovine enzootic hematuria and bladder tumors
46
What specific neoplasm is associated with white faced horses, cattle, and cats?
squamous cell carcinomas
47
Can you use canine lymphoma as a model for human lymphoma?
no they are very genetically different
48
Who determines tumor grade?
the pathologist
49
Who determines tumor stage?
clinician and radiologist
50
What is tumor stage?
the extent of tumor growth and spread
