Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity LC

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compund that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This is a purine that connects with thymine.

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

The building block of a protein

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a tRNA molocule

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

the basic functional units of an organism

Question 5

cell differentation

Answer 5

the process of cells becomong more specalized

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

A structure found inside of the nucleus of a cell

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

a three letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell’s nucleus

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

a chemical compund that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA this is a pyrimidine that connects to guanine.

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molocule.

Question 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 11

a molocule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual.

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

Answer 13

rough- a cellular organelle composed of many folds of tissues and channels.
smooth- an organnele found in both aninmal cells and plant cells

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

a substance produced by a living organism wich acts as a cytalist to bring about a specfic bio chemical.

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

a basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 16

golgi apparatus

Answer 16

a stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm. it prepares proteins and lipid molocules.

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

a chemical compud that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This is a purine that connects to cytosine.

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

an attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

messenger RNA that carrys genetic information needed to make proteins.

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

a change in the usual DNA sequence at a particular gene locus. can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral.

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

a molocule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical proterties of a base.

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

a double layer tthat encloses the cells nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 23

nucleic acid

Answer 23

large biomolocules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. They store DNA

Question 24

nucleotide

Answer 24

the building blocks for Nucleic acids.

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking 2 consecutive alpha-amino acids crom C1 (carbon 1) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen 2) of another, along a peptide or protein chain

Question 27

phosphate group

Answer 27

a phosphourus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

a substance that contains many amino acids

Question 29

protein synthesis

Answer 29

the process that cells use to create proteins.

Question 30

ribose

Answer 30

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins. these help link amino acids together to form proteins.

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

Ribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

a type of non-coding ribosomal RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells.

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

the position at which protein translation of the mRNA into a peptide begins

Question 35

stop codon

Answer 35

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

Question 36

thymine

Answer 36

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA. This is a pyrimidine that connects to adinine.

Question 37

transcription

Answer 37

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. transfer RNAs function at specific sites in the ribosome during translation

Question 40

uracil

Answer 40

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

Question 41

vesicle

Answer 41

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.