Unit 3 List 1 DNA PL

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (One of the four nucleotide bases)

Question 2

Amino acid

Answer 2

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.

Question 4

Cell types

Answer 4

Cells are broadly categorized into two types: eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region.

Question 4

Cell differentiaton

Answer 4

The process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body.

Question 5

Deoxyribose

Answer 5

A pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule. Deoxyribose sugar, along with phosphate, make up the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA.

Question 5

Cystoplasm

Answer 5

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Question 5

Codon

Answer 5

A DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis.

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

Threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.

Question 6

Cytosine

Answer 6

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (One of the four nucleotide bases)

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

Answer 7

A network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

Question 7

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 7

The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 8

Double helix

Answer 8

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm.

Question 9

Enzyme

Answer 9

Proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 9

Guanine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (One of the four nucleotide bases)

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 10

mRNA

Answer 10

A type of RNA found in cells. mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information needed to make proteins.

Question 10

Mutation

Answer 10

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations may be caused by mistakes during cell division, or they may be caused by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment.

Question 10

Hydrogen bond

Answer 10

A weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 11

Nitrogenous base

Answer 11

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. (DNA is composed of adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine) (RNA is composed with adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine)

Question 11

Nuclear membrane

Answer 11

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 12

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 12

A molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses. It is made up of nucleotides, which are ribose sugars attached to nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups.

Question 12

Nucleotide

Answer 12

The basic building blocks of nucleic acids. (RNA AND DNA)

Question 12

Nucleic acid

Answer 12

Large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. A major function of nucleic acids involves the storage and expression of genomic information.

Question 13

Peptide bond

Answer 13

A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

Question 14

Phosphate group

Answer 14

A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms. Along with sugars and bases, it makes up nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA.

Question 14

Protein synthesis

Answer 14

The process that cells use to create proteins The fundamental reaction of protein synthesis is the formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl group at the end of a growing polypeptide chain and a free amino group on an incoming amino acid.

Question 14

Polypeptides

Answer 14

A continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 15

Ribose

Answer 15

An organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.

Question 15

Ribosome

Answer 15

The cellular machinery responsible for making proteins.

Question 16

rRNA

Answer 16

A part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell. Ribosomes are responsible for translation, or the process our cells use to make proteins. rRNA are responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together.

Question 16

Start codon

Answer 16

The first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.

Question 17

Stop codon

Answer 17

A sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or mRNA that signals halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

Question 18

Thymine

Answer 18

A pyrimidine, which means that it is composed of a single ring consisting of 4 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms. Thymine helps stabilize nucleic acid structures. DNA is composed of two strands that twist upon each other to form a double helix. (One of the four nucleotide bases)

Question 19

Translation

Answer 19

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in mRNA.

Question 19

Uracil

Answer 19

Uracil is a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA. It is used by RNA during the processes of transcription and translation within cells.

Question 19

tRNA

Answer 19

tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a mRNA sequence into a protein.

Question 20

Vesicle

Answer 20

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid. Vesicles inside cells move substances into or out of the cell.