Unit 3 List 3 Cell cycle/reproduction

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

a stage of cell division where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 2

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 2

a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent

Question 3

Autosome

Answer 3

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Question 4

Binary fission

Answer 4

a form of asexual reproduction where a single parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 5

Cell plate

Answer 5

a disc-shaped structure that forms between the two newly formed daughter cells during cytokinesis

Question 6

Centromere

Answer 6

a constricted region on a chromosome that serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 7

Chromatid

Answer 7

one of the two identical strands of a replicated chromosome, joined together at the centromere

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

a complex of DNA and proteins, primarily histones, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

a structure within a cell’s nucleus that contains DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information

Question 10

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 10

a groove that forms in the plasma membrane of a dividing cell, marking the beginning of the separation of the two daughter cells during cytokinesis

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

the process where a cell’s cytoplasm divides, resulting in the formation of two new daughter cells

Question 12

Diploid

Answer 12

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 13

Haploid

Answer 13

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 14

Histone

Answer 14

any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.

Question 15

Homologous chromosome

Answer 15

pairs of chromosomes found in diploid organisms, each carrying the same genes but potentially different versions of those genes (alleles)

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

the part of the cell cycle where a cell isn’t actively dividing.

Question 17

Karyotype

Answer 17

a visual representation of an individual’s complete set of chromosomes, organized and arranged by size and shape

Question 18

Mitois

Answer 18

process is essential for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms.

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

a stage in mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes align at the center of the cell.

Question 20

Prophase

Answer 20

the initial stage of mitosis and meiosis cell division, characterized by the condensation of chromatin into visible chromosomes and the breakdown of the nuclear envelope

Question 21

Sex chromosome

Answer 21

the pair of chromosomes, designated X and Y, that determine an individual’s biological sex

Question 22

Spindle fiber

Answer 22

microtubule structures involved in cell division, specifically in the separation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Question 23

Telomere

Answer 23

protective structures made of DNA and proteins located at the ends of chromosomes

Question 24

Telophase

Answer 24

the final stage of mitosis and meiosis, where the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of newly separated chromosomes, and the cell begins to divide into two daughter cells