Unit 3 - MC Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
Complete obstruction of an airway leads to what type of aterlectasis? A. Compression B. Contraction C. Resorption D. Atretic
A
Resorption
2
Q
A congenital defect in which a part of a lung does not connect to the tree, and is anatomically separate from the rest of the lung, inhabiting its own pleural sac. A. Intralobar sequestration B. Extralobar sequestration C. Pulmonary fistula D. Contraction atelectasis
A
Extralobar sequestration
3
Q
Select the true statement regarding compression atelectasis.
A. Mediastinum shifts toward the affected lung
B. Pneumothorax is an example
C. Is associated with fibrotic changes in the lung
D. It is not reversible
A
Pneumothorax is an example
4
Q
Which is consistent with a microvascular cause of pulmonary edema?
A. Pulmonary pressure is markedly elevated
B. Is most likely caused by left heart failure
C. Is associated with volume overload (blood volume)
D. Is most likely caused by pneumonia
A
Is most likely caused by pneumonia
5
Q
“Hyaline membranes” are most associated with... A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome B. Intralobar sequestration C. Contraction atelectasis D. Acute interstitial pneumonia
A
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
6
Q
A man worked in a shipyard for 20 years. He complained of progressive dyspnea. Chest x-ray revealed a mass ensheathing the left lung. Within the lung parenchyma adjacent to the mass many golden brown beaded rods and fusiform bodies are seen. Which of the following is a possible chest x-ray finding? A. Left upper lobe cavity lesion B. Left calcified pleural plaques C. Left lower lobe bronchial dilation D. Left lower lobe consolidation
A
Left calcified pleural plaques
7
Q
Select the feature common to obstructive diseases. A. Increased resistance to air flow B. Increased total lung capacity C. Increased residual volume D. All of the above
A
All of the above
8
Q
On routine chest x-ray for a 45-year-old man, revealed a 3cm well circumscribed opaque peripheral mass. A wedge resection of the lobe was done. The gross description of the pathologist was a well-circumscribed mass having a grey-ish white gelatinous glistening lobulated cut surface with few clefts. Histology revealed nodules of connective tissue intersected by epithelial clefts. What is your diagnosis? A. Adenocarcinoma B. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Hamartoma
A
Hamartoma
9
Q
Select the feature NOT seen on x-ray with emphysema. A. Low set diaphragm B. Vertical heart C. Increased A-P diameter of the chest D. Increased vascular markings
A
Increased vascular markings
10
Q
A 45-year-old man had persisten cough with hemoptysis for 2 weeks. He was feverish. Chest x-ray revealed an area of consolidation in the right upper lobe. After antibiotic therapy, his fever improved but the cough and hemoptysis did not improve. Repeated chest x-ray revealed right upper lobe collapse. Bronchoscopic examination revealed an obstructing spherical polypoid mass arising from the main bronchus. Which of the following tumor is most likely the diagnosis? A. Carcinoid tumor B. Large cell carcinoma C. Adenocarcinoma D. Hamartoma
A
Carcinoid tumor
11
Q
Select the feature found in chronic bronchitis. A. Referred to as “blue bloater” B. Infections are rare C. Hyperinflation of the chest D. Older and thin
A
Referred to as “blue bloater”
12
Q
The hallmark of this disease is airway hyper-responsiveness to stimuli resulting in bronchoconstriction. A. Chronic bronchitis B. Asthma C. Bronchiectasis D. Bronchiolitis
A
Asthma
13
Q
The genetic predisposition to make IgE antibodies describes this category of asthma the best. A. Drug-induced B. Occupational C. Atopic D. Non-atopic
A
Atopic
14
Q
A 44-year-old woman, non-smoker, has had a fever and cough for the past 4 days. She does not have hemoptysis. She has not experienced weight loss, malaise, nausea, or vomiting. On physical examination, her temperature is 37.6* C. There are decreased breath sounds over the right upper lung. A chest x-ray reveals a 6cm area of infiltrates in the right upper lobe. She is given a course of antibiotics therapy, but her cough persists. A month later her chest x-ray now reveals a 3cm peripheral mass in the right upper lobe. Which of the following neoplasms is most likely to be present in this woman? A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Mesothelioma D. Carcinoid tumor
A
Adenocarcinoma
15
Q
Common triggers to non-atopic asthma include…
A. Viral upper respiratory infection (e.g. rhinovirus)
B. Allergens like pollen or animal dander
C. Pharmacologic agents
D. Chemicals like formaldehyde or epoxy resins
A
Viral upper respiratory infection (e.g. rhinovirus)
16
Q
Permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic necrotizing infections best describes... A. Chronic bronchitis B. Asthma C. Bronchiectasis D. Bronchiolitis
A
Bronchiectasis
17
Q
Sputum sample may contain Curschmann’s spirals and Charcot-Leyden crystals in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Severe asthma B. Chronic bronchitis C. Pneumoconiosis D. Histoplasmosis
A
Severe Asthma
18
Q
A 55-year-old man had gradual increasing dyspnea. He is a heavy smoker. He had a barrel-shaped chest. Hed had pursed lips while breathing. His chest x-ray revealed bilateral hyperinflation of lungs more in the upper lobes. Which of the following points contributes to the pathogenesis of his lung disease?
A. Release of elastase from the neutrophils
B. Ipaired production of a1-antitrypsin
C. Decreased ciliary motility
D. Recruitement of eosinophil in bronchial mucosa
A
Impaired production of a1-antitrypsin
19
Q
Several heart and lung diseases can lead to finger “clubbing”, particularly in this pulmonary disease. A. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis B. COPD C. Asthma D. Pneumothorax
A
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
20
Q
Which of the following is a pneumoconiosis condition? A. Farmer’s lung B. Bird breeder’s lung C. Coal worker’s lung D. Hot tub lung
A
Coal worker’s lung
21
Q
A person who works at a foundry, or mines hard rocks, or sandblasts would more likely develop which of these? A. Silicosis B. Coal worker’s lung C. Asbestosis D. Sarcoidosis
A
Silicosis
22
Q
A systemic disease that may affect the lungs is characterized by non-caseating granulomas. Bilateral hilar adenopathy is common (bat-wing) on x-ray. A. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis B. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis C. Sarcoidosis D. Asbestosis
A
Sarcoidosis
23
Q
Asbestosis is associated with which pulmonary tumor? A. Adocarcinoma B. Small cell carcinoma C. Large cell carcinoma D. Mesothelioma
A
Mesothelioma
24
Q
A majority (95%) of pulmonary emboli originate from a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Deep vein thrombosis B. In situ granuloma C. Pulmonary aneurysm D. Arterial embolism
A
Deep vein thrombosis
25
```
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis include...
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Immobilization
C. Exercise
D. Hyperthyroidism
```
Immobilization
26
How does COPD, or interstitial lung disease, progress to pulmonary hypertension?
A. Destruction of lung tissue reduces capillary numbers, therefore increasing pulmonary artery resistance
B. Leads to production of prostaglandins and pulmonary vasospasm
C. Decreases a1-antitrypsin activity, leading to inflammation
D. It is idiopathic
Destruction of lung tissue reduces capillary numbers, therefore increasing pulmonary artery resistance
27
A 40-year-old woman had suffered from multiple attacks of necotizing pneumonia. She now has a productive cough of a large amount of purulent sputum. The chest x-ray suggested dilation of right lower lobe bronchi. Which of the following mechanisms is the cause of bronchial dilation?
A. Unopposed action of neutrophil-derived elastase
B. Congenital weakness of supporting structures of bronchial wall
C. Destruction of bronchial mucosa
Destruction of bronchial mucosa
28
```
A patient presents with hemoptysis, and is positive for autoantibodies against type IV collagen. Which disorder would fit this description?
A. Goodpasture syndrome
B. Wegnener granulomatosis
C. Miliary tuberculosis
D. Aspiration pneumonia
```
Goodpasture syndrome
29
```
The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is...
A. Haemophilus influenza
B. Legionella pneumonia
C. Klebsiella pneumonia
D. Streptococcus pneumonia
```
Streptococcus pneumonia
30
What type of patient would most likely suffer aspiration pneumonia?
A. A 65-year-old transplant patient on immunosuppressant drugs
B. A 70-year-old who recently had a brainstem stroke and has trouble swallowing
C. A child exposed to mycoplasma pneumonia at school
D. A patient that had a catheter when they were in the hospital
A 70-year-old who recently had a brainstem stroke and has trouble swallowing
31
```
A 60-year-old man, heavy smoker had a persisten cough for the past 6 months. Chest x-ray revealed a lung lesion near the right hilum. His laboratory findings were normal, except for evidence of hypercalcemia. Bronchoscopy revealed a right bronchial mass obliterating its lumen. What is the possible diagnosis?
A. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma
B. Adenocarcinoma
C. Squamous cell carcinoma
D. Hamartoma
```
Squamous cell carcinoma
32
```
Chronic pneumonia caused by mycobacteria...
A. Tuberculosis
B. Hisoplasmosis
C. Pulmonary abcess
D. Cysticerosis
```
Tuberculosis
33
```
A homeless person was admitted to the hospital with chronic productive cough, night sweats, and pain during breathing. A chest x-ray was taken and it showed a singular small Ghon complex. This patient was diagnosed to have:
A. Coccidiodomycosis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Blastomycosis
D. Histoplasmosis
```
Tuberculosis
34
```
This form of lung cancer is almost always metastatic incurable by surgery but responds initially to radiation.
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Mesothelioma
D. Small cell carcinoma
```
Small cell carcinoma
35
```
Non-smokers are most likely to get this kind of lung cancer.
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Large cell carcinoma
D. Small cell carcinoma
```
Adenocarcinoma
36
```
The lung carcinoma most associated with ectopic hormone production...
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Mesothelioma
D. Small cell carcinoma
```
Small cell carcinoma
37
```
In the TNM system for lung cancer staging, what does the “T” stand for?
A. Tumor size/local invasion
B. Tumor metastasis
C. Tumor in lymph nodes
D. Tumor curable by surgery
```
Tumor size/local invasion
38
```
A patient with with lung cancer developes a droopy eyelid, a constricted pupil, and does not sweat on one side. This is termed...
A. Goodpasture syndrome
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Horner’s syndrome
D. Sarcoidosis
```
Horner’s syndrome
39
```
A young child presents with sudden onset of fever and malaise, cough with purulent sputum or blood. Examination of the sputum showed neutrophils with G+ lancet shaped diplococci. Which bacterium could cause these symptoms?
A. Haemophilus influenza
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Legonella pneumophila
```
Streptococcus pneumoniae
40
```
A patient working in sandblasting business for 20 years complained of a cough and increasing syspnea with no ever or sputum production. Which of the following cells are responsible for the pathogenesis of his disease?
A. Eosinophils
B. Mast cells
C. Macrophages
D. Neutrophils
```
Macrophages
