Unit 3 - Meiosis and Heredity

Question 1

Phenotypes

Answer 1

outward characteristic that correspond to heritable traits

Question 2

Pure Breeding/True Breeding

Answer 2

breeding that’s inbred and homozygous for all genes/traits

Question 3

Blending-Inheritance Hypothesis

Answer 3

Popular belief before Mendel:states that traits blend to form intermediate phenotypes (round + wrinkled =slightly wrinkled)

Question 4

Mendel’s Principle of Segregation

Answer 4

used peas to deduce laws of inheritance

Question 5

Homozygous

Answer 5

when polyploid organism only contains 1 version of the allele

Question 6

Heterozygous

Answer 6

when a polyploid organism contains 2+ alleles for that gene

Question 7

How to Do Punnett Squares

Answer 7

write each possible haploid genotype for each parent’s gametes in a line on X or Y axis

Question 8

Testcross

Answer 8

determines genotype of an unknown parent

Question 9

Segregation

Answer 9

reflects separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis

Question 10

The Dependent Assortment Hypothesis

Answer 10

alleles of 2 genes are sorted into gametes in the same combinations as existed in the parents (dihybrid cross - 2x2 Punnett square for )

Question 11

Independent Assortment Hypothesis

Answer 11

alleles of 2 genes are sorted into gametes in a statistically random fashion (all combinations of XXYY-dihybrid cross-4x4 punnett square)