Unit 3: Outcome 1

Question 1

Australias pre history

Answer 1

Geological stability, climactic variation and biological isolation

Question 2

Biological isolation

Answer 2

Australia is possibly the most isolated continent on earth for 50 million years once it split from Gondwana.
Nothing could arrive or leave easily meaning species were left alone to evolve.
There was no way that species could mix, compete or relate with any other

Question 3

Geological stability

Answer 3

Australia has been without volcanic activity for many years due to being located relatively in the middle of tectonics plates.
This has lead to Australia having soil poor in nutrients which influenced flora and fauna

Question 4

Climactic variations

Answer 4

Australia is considered the driest inhabited continent.
Plants and animals have evolved and adapted to the variation of Australia’s climate over time.
Australia’s weather is unpredictable. We are subject to El Niño southern oscillation

Question 5

Climatic variations

La Niña

Answer 5

Body of warm water that drifts between Australia and South America. When warm water is near us we experience rain due to evaporation

Question 6

Climactic variations

El Niño

Answer 6

When the warm body of water drifts over southern America there is less rain due to less evaporation and we experience drought

Question 7

Plant adaptions

Hanging leaves

Answer 7

Leaves that hang down- keeps them out of the sun at midday and in the sun at morning and evening so they still receive light but don’t lose too much energy

Question 8

Plant adaptions

Toxins

Answer 8

Eucalyptus leaves are poisonous and only koalas have evolved to eat them

Question 9

Plant adaptions

Leave colour

Answer 9

Grey/dull leaves means plants have less chlorophyll and require less energy

Question 10

Animal adaptions

Koala

Answer 10

The koala has evolved to eat gum leaves which are poisonous to all other animals.

Question 11

Animal adaptions

Wombats

Answer 11

Live underground in burrows to conserve energy required to keep cool.

Question 12

Animal adaptions

Kangaroos

Answer 12

Their hopping is extremely energy efficient, approximately 95% of the energy from the first jump is retained for subsequent jumps

Question 13

Relationships with natural environments

Answer 13

Perceptions, interactions, impacts

Question 14

Perceptions

Answer 14

What we think

Question 15

Interactions

Answer 15

What we do

Question 16

Impacts

Answer 16

The effects

Question 17

Before settlement perceptions

Answer 17

Bunting people were Custodians of the land, equal to the land, they had a spiritual connection, the dreaming made strong links with the people, the land and all living things, they had a kinship with the land by either blood, marriage, family or adaptions.

Question 18

Before settlement interactions

Nomadic/semi nomadic lifestyles

Answer 18

They moved with the seasons so that they wouldn’t exhaust supplies

Question 19

Before settlement interactions

Fire stick farming

Answer 19

The use of fire to clear the land, and for regeneration to occur. Led to less bushfires and moved animals which made hunter gathering easier

Question 20

Before settlement interactions

Sacred sites

Answer 20

Burial sites, sites of worship

Question 21

Before settlement interactions

Hunter gathering

Answer 21

To hunt food sources.

They didn’t farm due to climactic variations

Question 22

Before settlement interactions

Transport

Answer 22

Made canoes from bark of gum trees

Question 23

Before settlement interactions

Shelter

Answer 23

Stacked sheets of bark against a tree

Question 24

Before settlement impacts

Answer 24

Nomadic lifestyles meant impacts were minimal.
Very low middens, rock art, scarred trees that remain.
Introduction of the dingo.
Firestick farming may have changed forest environments

Question 25

After settlement perceptions

Answer 25

Still the same as before European settlement, still custodians of the land. The stolen generations perceptions were changed

Question 26

After settlement interactions | Hunter gathering

Answer 26

Indigenous risked stealing cattle to survive because they couldn't hunter gather

Question 27

After settlement interactions | Nomadic lifestyle

Answer 27

Restricted due to new boundaries imposed by farmers and the fact that food sources were in on particular area

Question 28

After settlement interactions | Firestick farming

Answer 28

Banned meaning there was an increase in big bush fires

Question 29

After settlement impacts

Answer 29

Ask

Question 30

Evidence of aboriginal occupations

Answer 30

Shell middens, mound/ rock quarries, scarred trees

Question 31

She'll middens

Answer 31

Leftovers of feasts usually close to rivers, beaches etc. found at Forrest caves beach at Phillip island

Question 32

Scarred trees

Answer 32

Gum trees that have sections of bark removed to create canoes, shields and shelter. Found at corinella Phillip island

Question 33

Mounds/ Rock quarries

Answer 33

Mounds of earth containing charcoal from fires remnants of clay ovens, shells and bones. Found at the Grampians

Question 34

Contemporary aboriginals

Answer 34

Upon European settlement life was turned on its head for indigenous Australians. Their lands were taken from them, it was legal to kill the, if they caused trouble and disease was rifle. The removal of aboriginal peoples from their own lands was similar to removing part of their own bodies and their identity

Question 35

Contemporary aboriginals today

Answer 35

Today, contemporary aboriginals are involved in preserving their language, art, culture and spirituality. Today indigenous Australians are politicians, teachers, singers, environmentalists, etc. increasing opportunities enable all aboriginals to enter the spotlight in all walks of life, becoming the valuable members in society that they are.

Question 36

Megafauna

Answer 36

Animals that lived in Australia before human settlement. Large animals

Question 37

Extinction of megafauna

Answer 37

Probably due to environmental and ecological factors. | Almost completed by the end of the last ice age

Question 38

Bunurong people

Answer 38

We hunter gatherers, they didn't farm because it was too risky and instead they lived off what was available

Question 39

Introduction of native species (Phillip island)

Answer 39

The mchaffies settlers that came from the uk wanted Phillip island to feel like home so they introduced animals such as rabbits and foxes onto the land

Question 40

Clearing of the land (Phillip island)

Answer 40

The first non indigenous settlers, the mchaffies, cleared Phillip island to farm animals such as sheep and cattle and to provide areas for infrastructure and housing to be built

Question 41

Fire stick farming

Answer 41

Was used as a protective measure and to flush out animals so they could be hunted

Question 42

Safe zone

Answer 42

Designated areas for fauna to repopulate. Not allowed to hunt in these areas

Question 43

Nomadic lifestyles

Answer 43

Ensured that areas of tribal land could regenerate and weren't completely exhausted meaning that when next needed there was plenty of food available