Unit 3: Part 2: The Eye/Seeing

Question 1

Frequency

Answer 1

the number of wavelengths per second represents the color or hue that we see (related to velocity of light)
Red: lowest frequency
Green: medium frequency
Blue: highest frequency

Question 2

Amplitude

Answer 2

the height of the wave or intensity
high intensity/large amplitude: represents brightness
low intensity/small amplitude: represents dim/dull

Question 3

Cornea

Answer 3

the clear, outer protective layer where the light first enters

Question 4

Iris

Answer 4

the colored part of the eye which helps regulate the amount of light entering the eye

Question 5

Pupil

Answer 5

an adjusted opening in the eye located in the center of the iris

Question 6

Sclera

Answer 6

the white outer coast of the eye, surrounding the iris

Question 7

Lens

Answer 7

focuses light rays on the retina
images land on retina upside down because light changes direction when it goes through an object

Question 8

Accommodation

Answer 8

when the lens bends to focus images onto the retina; the lens changes shape to focus the light

Question 9

Nearsighted (myopia)

Answer 9

the person can see near objects fine but when an object is too far it appears blurry

Question 10

Farsighted (hyperopia)

Answer 10

the person can see far objects fine but when an object is too close it appears blurry

Question 11

Vitreous Humor

Answer 11

the clear, gelatinous substance filling the central cavity of the eye (gives eye its shape)

Question 12

Retina

Answer 12

paper-thin tissue at the back of the eye containing layers of the cells that transform light into neural message

Question 13

Transduction

Answer 13

the process were by stimuli are transformed into a brain message

Question 14

Rods

Answer 14

photo receptors that function in dim light and help us to see color/hue

Question 15

Cones

Answer 15

photo receptors that process light/wave lengths and help us see color/hue

Question 16

Bipolar Cells

Answer 16

the second later cells in the retina

Question 17

Ganglion Cells

Answer 17

the third layer of cells in the retina

Question 18

Forea

Answer 18

where the cones are clustered (no rods); center of the retina with the clearest vision

Question 19

Optic Nerve

Answer 19

made up of axons from ganglion cells; carries visual messages from retina to brain; directed to occipital lobe; brain turns images right side up

Question 20

Blind Spot

Answer 20

where the optic nerve leaves the eye - no rods or cones

Question 21

First Step of Eye Transduction

Answer 21

1. Light passes through cornea, pupil, and lens

Question 22

Young-Helmholtz Tri-chromatic Theory

Answer 22

any color can be created by combining the light waves of three primary colors (red, green, blue)
cones: retina has three types of color receptors for these three colors

Question 23

Opponent-Process Theory

Answer 23

Color vision depends on three opposing retinal processes to enable color vision
Opponents: Red & Green, Blue & Yellow, White & Black
As visual information is transferred from cones to ganglion cells, some neurons are turned on or off

Question 24

Retina Processing

Answer 24

receptor rods + cones -> bipolar cells -> ganglion cells

Question 25

Feature Deception

Answer 25

brains detector cells in visual cortex respond to specific features like lines, edges, and angles

Question 26

Parallel Processing

Answer 26

brain cell teams process into about color, movement, form, dept simultaneously

Question 27

Second Step of Eye Transduction

Answer 27

2. Lens brings object into focus on retina

Question 28

Third Step of Eye Transduction

Answer 28

3. Light energy triggers chemical changes which spark neural signals in bipolar cells

Question 29

Fourth Step of Eye Transduction

Answer 29

4. Bipolar cells activate ganglion cells whose axons twine together to form optic nerve

Question 30

Fifth Step of Eye Transduction

Answer 30

5. Info is transmitted to the thalamus and the message is directed to the occipital lobe, where vision is processed