Unit 3- plants, fungi, protists Flashcards
(63 cards)
what is the endosymbiotic theory
- that eukaryotic cells originated from prokaryotic organisms
- chloroplast and mitochondria were once primitive bacterial cells
how did endosymbiosis happen
a large prokaryote ingested a smaller prokaryote
- gained entry to the host as undigested prey or parasite
- they became dependent on one another for survival(symbiotic)
- resulting in a permanent relationship.
What is the proof behind endosymbiosis
- have their own circular DNA
- have similar-sized ribosomes as bacterial ribosomes
- have a double membrane
- reproduce like bacteria binary fission.
- are approximately the same size as bacteria
- are sensitive to certain antibiotics
What are protists
mostly unicellular aquatic organisms It's the most diverse kingdom, all eukaryotic. with 3 types animal-like fungi like plant-like
what are plant-like protist, algae
autotrophs
contain chlorophyll
have cell walls
2 major groups
what are the 2 major plant-like protist groups
unicellular algae- phytoplankton
multicellular algae- seaweed
unicellular protists- explain____ why is it important and what overpopulation does
very important because…
- begin every aquatic food chain.
- produce atmospheric o2
- overpopulation causes large consumption of 02, the fish die because of the lack of o2, swamps result
What are multicellular algae
- no real tissue, really just a colony
- food source for fish and humans
- call walls of red agar used to make gel caps, agar and cosmetics.
What are the pseudopods
pseudopods- move with cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods- false feet. Example- amoeba
What are animal-like protists
heterotrophs except for euglena
classified by how they move
What are flagellates
move with a long whip-like flagellum- one or more flagella. Ex. Euglena
What are ciliates
move with cilia - short hair-like projections that can cover the cell. ex.paramecium.
What is Sporozoa
have no means of locomotion
many parasites depend on host body fluids to move. ex Malaria
Fungus like protist
slime moulds
multicellular body like giant amoeba called a plasmodium.
reproduce asexually with spores, like fruiting bodies.
list 3 Fungus importance
1.decomposers
2. some species produce antibiotics ex. penicilium
3.food source- mushrooms, blue cheese
__yeast- to make bread and wine
similarities between plants and fungi
- eukaryotic cells
- numerous organelles
- multicellular (except yeast)
- have cell walls
- anchored in the soil
- stationary
- reproduce sexually or asexually.
Difference between fungi and plants
- plants have 1 nucleus, fungi have many nuclei per cell
- plants r autrotrophs, gungi are hetorotrophs
- plants have roots, fungi have no roots
- plants have cellulose, fungi have chitin in cell walls
- plants reproduce by seeds, fungi have no seeds/
Info tab
Fungi are made of thin filaments called hyphae.
What are the different types of hyphae
a) septa-cross walls, have pores which allow the movement of cytoplasm & nuclei between cells.
b) no cross walls- cant see individual cells.ie tubes allowing cytoplasm and nuclei to flow freely.
What is mycelium
formed by many intertwined hyphae.ie colony usually forms on or below surface of soil
When do fungi reproduce asexually and when do they reproduce sexually.
asexually when conditions are favourable
sexually when conditions are unfavourable.ie limited nutrients and water.
What are unicellular reproductive cells called
spores, they are formed in specialised spore cases called sporangia (um)
What is a gene
section of DNA that codes for one characteristic
What is an allele
variations of a gene. ex. tall and short
all alleles are represented by the same letter
