Unit 4 test Systems Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is ingestion and what is egestion
ingestion is the intake of food by swallowing or absorbing.
egestion is discharge
What are the 3 things salvia is made up of and what are there functions?
- mucus= to lubricate food
- water= to dissolve food
- amylase= chemically digest carbs.
What is the tounges role in the digestive system
- physical digestion= chewing and mixing food with saliva
2. Swallowing= push bolus up and to the back of the pharynx
What is the epiglottis for
a flap of tissue at base of tongue to prevent food from going into the lungs to avoid choking
What is pharynx
back of throat, common passageway for food and air.
What is the function of esophagus
leads food into the stomach, ensures that bolus is pushed into stomach
What are the 2 sphincters at the beginning and end of the stomach called
beggining= cardiac sphincter end= pyloric sphincter.
What are sphincters
rings of muscles to open and close
What is the stomach made up of
mucus= thick layer to protect the stomach wall from acid and pepsin
hydrochloric acid= physical digestion kills bacteria, activates pepsin.
pepsin= enzyme which chemically breaks down protein.
WHAT DOES THE LIVER DO
- store excess glucose
- makes bile
- filter out and breaks down toxic compounds from the blood
WHAT DOES THE GALLBALDER DO
Stores bile and sends it to the duodenum
How is the gallbladder and liver connected
by bile duct
What does the pancreas do
- make insulin
- make pancreatic secretion containing
a) enzyme which chemically digests proteins, carbs and lipids.
b) sodium bicarbonate which neutralises acidic chyme.
What do the small intestine do
Finnish off chemical digestion for all nutrients.
+absorption of digested food into blood stream
What is the sphincter located at the end of the small intestine called
-ileo-caecal sphincter, keeps digested food into the small intestine. ALlows for more time for digestion and absorption.
What does the large intestine do
Record water and minerals from digestive secretions.
Create vitamin B and K
Move feces along.
What does the rectum do
Stores faeces, control egestion.
What are the 3 types of digestive enzymes
- carbhoydrases
- proteases
- lipases
Where are carbohydrases stored
- salivary
- pancreas
- small intestine
What breaks glycogen into maltose
amylase
What is the way carbohydrates are broken down
polysacharide-disacharides-monosacharides.
what breaks maltose to glucose
maltase
Why can’t proteases be stored in active form
because it would digest organ parts.
What is proteases stored in enzyme called?
precursor
