UNIT 3 (Reproductive System)

Question 1

What is puberty?

Answer 1

Time of rapid growth and sexual maturation - it generally occurs
between the ages of 9 and 15, usually a year earlier in females.

Question 2

Explain male sex cell development

Answer 2

Spermatogenesis, is the process by which sperm cells (male sex cells) are produced in the male reproductive system.

Question 3

Explain female sex cell development.

Answer 3

Oogenesis, is the process by which egg cells (ova) are produced in the ovaries.

Question 4

What’s the menstrual cycle? Explain what happens in each 4 stages.

Answer 4

Menstrual Cycle Definition:
Monthly process where a female’s body prepares for pregnancy. If there is no pregnancy, the uterus sheds its lining, causing a period.

Menstrual Phase: Uterus lining sheds (period).

Follicular Phase: Eggs mature, lining rebuilds.

Ovulation: Egg is released.

Luteal Phase: Lining thickens; if no pregnancy, cycle restarts.

Question 5

What’s gastrulation?

Answer 5

Formation of 3 germ layers in the embryo

Question 6

What’s neurulation?

Answer 6

Development of the nervous system in the embryo

Question 7

What’s the purpose of the placenta?

Answer 7

The lifeline between mother and baby, to help the baby grow and stay healthy through pregnancy.

Question 8

Name 3 stages of labor and childbirth.

Answer 8

First stage - Dilation:
Regular contracts and ends when cervix is fully dilated at 10 cm.

Second stage - Delivery of the Baby:
Cervix is fully dilated and ends with birth of baby. Mother pushes during contractions to move baby through birth canal.

Third Stage - Delivery of the Placenta:
Baby is now born, uterus contracts to detach and deliver the placenta. Happens within 5-30 mins after childbirth

Question 9

Name and briefly describe 4 factors affecting pregnancy we discussed in class.

Answer 9

Nutrition - eating healthy helps the baby grow strong

Substance use - drugs, alcohol, and smoking can harm the baby

Infection/illnesses - sickness can affect the babies health

Prenatal Care - doctor visits help keep mom and baby safe

Question 10

Name 5 out of 15 methods of contraception (bolded names in the slides)

Answer 10

Birth control pill - taken daily to prevent ovulation

Male Condom - worn on penis to prevent sperm

Hormonal IUD - releases hormones to prevent pregnancy

Vasectomy - surgical procedure to cut the vas deferens

Abortion - killing of a baby during pregnancy